Volume 3, Number 5, March 2022 e-ISSN: 2797-6068 and p-ISSN: 2777-0915
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KEYWORDS Clean and Healthy Living Behavior, Incidence of
Scabies Disease, Santri . ARTICLE
INFO Accepted: March,10 th 2022 Revised: March,13 th 2022 Approved: March,14 th
2022 |
ABSTRACT Santri who
live in pesantren is a vulnerable group to scabies disease because
clean and healthy living behaviors, especially individual hygiene, get less
attention from students and pesantren managers. This study uses
analytical correlation methods with correlational approaches at identifying
the relationship of clean and healthy living behavior with the incidence of
scabies disease in Santri in Raudlatul Ulum 2 Putukrejo Gondanglegi
Village with a population of 150 Santri , sampling using a simple
random sampling approach with Study sample of 110 students. Data collection
is done using questionnaires, namely demographic data questionnaires, clean
and healthy living behavior questionnaires and scabies disease questionnaires
using spearman correlation tests. This study proved that most of the
respondents of 66 (60%) had a healthy living behavior of bad and sufficient
categories and overall 66 respondents (100%), while respondents with good
categories as many as 44 respondents (40%) did not experience scabies
disease. Based on the results of the rho Spearman correlation test obtained a
value of p 0.000 (p<0.05) which means there is a relationship between
clean and healthy living behavior with scabies disease. While the correlation
coefficient value, r = -0.907 which means that the direction of the negative
correlation with the correlation coefficient is very strong. This means that
the worse the clean and healthy living behavior, the higher the suffering
from scabies disease. Based on the results of research, that to reduce the
incidence of scabies disease, one of them is to improve clean and healthy
living behaviors . |
INTRODUCTION
In Islamic boarding schools,
students and administrators are often unconcerned about maintaining a clean and
healthy lifestyle, particularly personal cleanliness. In truth, some pesantren
grow up in deplorable conditions, including filthy restrooms and toilets, high
humidity, and insufficient sanitation (Saadati, 2018). In addition, the students� unhealthy conduct like
hanging clothing in the room, refusing to let female students' garments dry in
the sun, and exchanging personal items like combs and towels (Saputra et al.,
2020). In terms of environmental factors, student
health behavior, and management features, Islamic boarding schools pose a
significant danger of transmitting the scabies disease (Ihtiaringtyas,
Mulyaningsih, & Umniyati, 2019). Scabies will become more prevalent because of
this.
Scabies is a contagious disease that
affects the entire community. Sarcoptes scabiei var. Hominis causes scabies, a
skin ailment (mite tick that makes itchy). These mites have the ability to
complete their whole life cycle on human skin (Kasumayanti
& Naimah, 2019). Because pesantren students are often unaware
of the application of clean and healthy living behaviors such as frequently
exchanging goods, borrowing and borrowing clothes, sarongs, towels, and even
pillows, bolsters, blankets, and mattresses with fellow students, scabies is
often associated as a disease of Islamic boarding school students. As a result,
this is a component that contributes to the high prevalence of scabies. When
personal and environmental hygiene are not properly managed, scabies can spread
from one student to another.
According to the results of a
research survey conducted in April 2021 on students at the Raudlatul Ulum 2
Islamic Boarding School, Putukrejo Gondanglegi Village, Malang Regency, medical
records from the Islamic boarding school's Health Officers revealed that there
was an increase in cases of scabies disease up to 90 cases over the next three
months (January 2021 � March 2021). Putting scabies in second place among the
top three most common diseases among students at Raudlatul Ulum 2 Islamic
Boarding School.
METHOD RESEARCH��
The study uses an observational
analytic technique with a correlational approach to assess the association
between clean and healthy living behavior and the occurrence of scabies disease
in students at Raudlatul Ulum Islamic Boarding School 2 Putukrejo Gondanglegi
Malang Regency.
Students from grades 1 to 3 of
Madrasah Tsanawiyah at the Raudlatul Ulum 2 Islamic Boarding School, Putukrejo
Gondanglegi Village, Malang Regency, made up the study's population of 150
people. Children residing in Islamic boarding schools between 2020 and 2021,
students in grades 1, 2, and 3, Madrasah Tsanawiyah at Raudlatul Ulum Islamic
boarding school 2 Putukrejo Gondanglegi Village, and students who were willing
to be respondents were all included in this study. Children in class 1, 2, 3
Madrasah Tsanawiyah at the Raudlatul Ulum 2 boarding school, Putukrejo
Gondanglegi village residents who lived outside the boarding school dormitory
and students with other skin problems were excluded from this study.
The sampling technique employed is
simple random sampling, which uses the entire population of 110 students as a
sample. The research took place in the Raudlatul Ulum 2 Islamic boarding school
in Putukrejo Gondanglegi Village from December 2021 to January 2022.
The Demographic Data Questionnaire
(KDD), the Clean and Healthy Life Behavior Questionnaire (KPHBS), and the
Scabies Disease Questionnaire were used in this investigation (KPS). Haryati
(2016) developed the Clean and Healthy Life Behavior Questionnaire (KPHBS),
which consists of 20 statements divided into 11 statements about personal
hygiene, 3 statements about using clean water, and 6 statements about room
health, with a score on a scale of Always (SL) 4, Often (SR) 3, Sometimes (KD)
2, and Never (TP) 1. The Scabies Disease Questionnaire (KPS) is based on a
questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization (Marminingrum,
2018). There are eight negative questions in the
scabies questionnaire. Each question answered "Yes" is given a score
of "1" and those answered "No" are given a value of
"0".
Previous researchers carried
conducted the validity and reliability tests in this study. The researcher
handled the initial data collection letter at the secretariat addressed to the
Raudlatul Ulum 2 Islamic Boarding School Putukrejo Gondanglegi, Malang Regency,
prior to data collection. Data was collected by choosing respondents based on
the researcher's inclusion criteria after getting clearance of the research
permit from the management of the Raudlatul Ulum Islamic Boarding School 2
Putukrejo Gondanglegi Malang Regency. The researcher introduced himself to the
potential respondents, discussed the research's goals and objectives as well as
the processes, obtained informed consent, made time contracts with respondents,
and submitted questionnaires. Researchers provide assistance when respondents
fill out the questionnaire.
The researcher processed the data
after collecting all of the questionnaires. After the data had been collected,
the data was analyzed by coding, scoring, and tabulating it. The data was
examined using univariate and bivariate analysis once it had been collected and
had gone through the coding, scoring, and tabulating processes. The association
between Clean and Healthy Behavior and Scabies Disease was researched using
bivariate data analysis to evaluate the relationship between the two variables
and the strength of the relationship. The non-parametric bivariate statistical
test of Spearman Correlation rank was performed to determine the relationship
and the strength of the link between the two variables. In this study, data was
presented in the form of tables because it is more efficient and communicative.
The information supplied is the result of the investigation regarding the
association between scabies disease incidence and clean and healthy living
behavior in students at Raudlatul Ulum Islamic Boarding School 2 Putukrejo
Gondanglegi Malang Regency.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Research result
The findings of this study will
describe research and data analysis on the relationship between clean and
healthy living behavior and the incidence of scabies disease in students at
Raudlatul Ulum Islamic Boarding School 2 Putukrejo Gondanglegi Malang Regency.
And they have received information that they have passed the ethical review
from the University of Muhamadiyah Malang's Health Research Ethics Commission
with the number E.5.a/240/KEPK-UMM/XI/2021 on November 20, 2021.
Special Data
This descriptive analysis aims to
describe the frequency distribution of respondents which includes Clean and
Healthy Behavior and the incidence of Scabies Disease.
Table 1. PHBS Frequency Distribution
|
PHBS |
Frequency (n) |
Percent (%) |
|
Bad |
40 |
36.4 |
|
Enough |
26 |
23.6 |
|
Well |
44 |
40.0 |
|
Total |
110 |
100.0 |
Based on the table above, it shows
that most of the clean and healthy living behaviors are in the good category as
many as 44 students (40%).
Table 2. PHBS Frequency Distribution
|
PHBS |
Frequency (n) |
Percent (%) |
|
No Scabies |
40 |
36.4 |
|
scabies |
26 |
23.6 |
|
Total |
110 |
100.0 |
Based on the table above shows that
most of the students, namely 66 students (60.0%) suffer from scabies.
Hypothesis Testing
Table 3. Cross-tabulation of PHBS with the
incidence of scabies
|
Variable |
Scabies
disease |
Total |
|
|
Not |
Yes |
||
|
PHBS |
0(0%) |
40(60.6%) |
40 (100%) |
|
0(0%) |
26(39.4%) |
26 (100%) |
|
|
44(100%) |
0(0%) |
44 (100%) |
|
|
Total |
44(100%) |
66(100%) |
110 (100%) |
From the table above, it can be
concluded that as many as 40 respondents with clean and healthy behavior in the
poor category, all of them suffer from scabies. Scabies was also found in all
respondents with a sufficient category of 26 respondents. Likewise, 44
respondents with clean and healthy behavior in the good category were not found
to have scabies.
Table 4. Correlation Test of the Relationship
between PHBS and the Incidence of Rabies
|
Variable |
Sig.(2-tailed) |
Spearman
Correlation |
N/Sample |
|
PHBS- Scabies
Disease |
0.000 |
- 0.907 |
110 |
Based on the test results, the
Spearman rho correlation value was obtained, namely the value of p = 0.000 (p
<0.05), which means that there is a relationship between clean and healthy
living behavior and scabies disease. While the value of the correlation
coefficient, r = -0.907, which means that the direction of the negative
correlation with the correlation coefficient is very strong. This means that
the worse the behavior of clean and healthy living, the higher the suffering
from scabies.
Discussion
Clean and Healthy Life Behavior
From the results of research and
data analysis that has been carried out, the results obtained are that
respondents carry out clean and healthy living behavior with good categories 44
respondents (40.0 %), bad categories 40 respondents (36.4%) and 26 respondents
(24.6 %) with clean and healthy behavior in sufficient category. This is in
contrast to (Zarkasi &
Dewi, 2019) from the results of his research, which showed
that the respondents who carried out the most clean and healthy living
behaviors were in the sufficient category as many as 25 people (31%). According
to the (Perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, 2018), clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) is a
set of behaviors that are practiced on the basis of awareness as a result of
learning, which makes a person, family, group and community able to help
themselves (independently) in the health sector and play an active role in
realizing public health. According to the opinion of researchers, everyone
would want to always live a healthy life for the rest of their lives. Healthy
living habits will make a person live more comfortably. Not only for oneself,
one would want all family members, friends and of course everyone in the environment
to also live healthy. To achieve this, the first thing that needs to be done is
to get used to ourselves to always carry out clean and healthy living behavior
properly. Examples of clean and healthy living behaviors include washing hands
with soap, bathing at least 2 times a day, always cleaning water reservoirs,
and maintaining room cleanliness.
Clean and Healthy Living Behavior in
students is mostly bad, this is influenced by the age of the respondents who
are still young, namely the average age of 12-14 years as many as 74 students
(67.3%). The results of this study are in accordance with Zakiudin &
Shaluhiyah's research (2016), which states that factors that can influence
clean and healthy living behavior include motivation, knowledge, and lack of
information, experience, teachers and mass media.
According to the researcher, that
age has an effect on the respondent's clean and healthy living behavior because
of the respondent's lack of experience and knowledge about clean and healthy
living behavior. Lack of knowledge about clean and healthy living behavior
causes poor clean and healthy living behavior that occurs in the pesantren
environment. Especially at the current age of the respondent who should always
get guidance and attention from the family, but the respondent must live
independently and away from family. Therefore, it is necessary to always be
taught and reminded about the importance of clean and healthy living behavior.
The results showed that most of the students were in seventh grade as much as
41%. According to Eduan (2019) the higher a person's education level, the
easier it is to receive information so that more knowledge is received.
According to researchers, the level
of education will affect knowledge about clean and healthy living behavior.
Individuals with higher levels of education will be better able to apply clean
and healthy living behaviors correctly. From this study, most of the
respondents stated that they did not bathe at least 2 times a day as many as 58
respondents (40%). Respondents said that they only showered once in the morning
before going to school. This is in accordance with the theory by Iskandar
(2000) in (Setyawan et
al., n.d.) that bathing every day at least 2 times a day
regularly and using soap is one way to maintain personal hygiene, especially
skin hygiene. According to researchers the importance of bathing is to make the
skin clean and remove dead skin cells to clean the pores so as to allow skin
cells to function properly. In this way, bacteria and other irritants that can
cause rashes or skin problems are eliminated. While the negative impact if you
don't take a shower twice, especially in the afternoon, is the first, dirt
sticks to the body longer because of activities carried out from morning to
evening, prone to germs and dust that stick to the body, the second negative
impact becomes easy to stress and depression because the muscles and nerves in
the body tense up due to fatigue due to carrying out daily activities. The
third negative impact is causing body odor because the germs/bacteria attached
to the body will accumulate and make the smell of sweat less pleasant. Because
of this, it is very necessary for respondents to always take a bath 2 times a day,
namely in the afternoon.
Scabies
From the results of research and
data analysis that has been carried out, it was found that 66 respondents
(60.0%) had scabies and 44 respondents (40.0%) did not experience scabies.
According to the results of the study, 61 respondents (55.5%) stated that they
had suffered from itching at night. This is in accordance with the statement of
Ningsih (2021), which shows that scabies is a contagious skin
infection disease with manifestations of itching complaints on the lesions,
especially at night caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominist. Itchy itching at
night is caused by these mites living in the lower layers of the skin, and they
become active and work to form tunnels under the skin layer at night, so that
infected respondents feel itching. According to researchers, itching at night
is indeed very disturbing for comfort, therefore, to overcome this, the
respondents need to do is not to wear tight and synthetic clothes, and always
keep the nails short. Because if the respondent scratches with long nails, it
can cause wounds, causing secondary infections of the skin.
A total of 63 respondents (57.3%)
stated that the itchiness experienced by respondents often occurred in the
between the fingers, this is in accordance with Masjoer's (2000) statement (in Setyawan et
al., n.d.), that the predilection place for scabies is
usually found in areas with stratum thin cornium, namely between the fingers,
volar part of the wrist, outer elbow, anterior axillary fold, mammary areola
and gluteal fold, umbilicus, buttocks, external genitalia and lower abdomen.
According to the researchers, the conditions were warm in these places,
therefore it was a medium for scabies-causing media to breed. Some of the
respondents had pustules between their fingers and were therefore asked not to
scratch them. And always keep the hands of respondents clean to prevent further
infection, and prevent transmission to their friends.
The Relationship of Clean and Healthy Life Behavior with Scabies
Disease Incidence in Santri at Raudlatul Ulum Islamic Boarding School 2
Putukrejo Gondanglegi
From the results of bivariate
analysis using Spearman's rho correlation test, p value = 0.000 (p <0.05)
which means there is a relationship between clean and healthy living behavior
with scabies disease. While the value of the correlation coefficient, r =
-0.907, which means that the direction of the negative correlation with the
correlation coefficient is very strong. This means that the worse the behavior
of clean and healthy living, the higher the suffering from scabies.
According to Nurmala (2020) Healthy behavior is behavior based on health
principles. Health behavior is the response of a person (organism) to a
stimulus or object related to health and disease, the health service system,
food and beverages, and the environment (Nurmala, 2020). In the concept of behavioral theory, behavior
is one of the factors that affect health. Therefore, in order to foster and
improve public health, interventions or efforts aimed at these behavioral
factors are very strategic (Notoatmodjo,
Kasiman, & kintoko Rohadi, 2018).
According to the results of the
study, most of the respondents 60.6% who experienced scabies had poor clean and
healthy living behavior and 39.4% of respondents experienced scabies with sufficient
clean and healthy living behavior. These results are in accordance with Masruroh &
Widaryati's research (2014), which shows that at the Assalafiyah Islamic
Boarding School there is a relationship between clean and healthy living
behavior with the incidence of scabies and has a significant value (p) obtained
is 0.014. The results of this study were also strengthened by Ihtiaringtyas et
al. (2019), who said that scabies disease is a skin
disease that is associated with poor sanitation and hygiene, when there is a
lack of water and no means of cleaning the body, lack of food and live in
overcrowding, especially in slum areas with very poor sanitation. Scabies can
also be caused by poor sanitation. According to the opinion of the researcher,
the poor clean and healthy behavior of students at the Raudlatul Ulum Islamic
Boarding School 2, Putukrejo Gondanglegi Village, played a role in the
incidence of scabies. Clean and healthy living behavior is important because
good clean and healthy living behavior will minimize the entrance of
microorganisms that are everywhere and ultimately prevent a person from getting
diseases including scabies.
One of the clean and healthy living
behaviors that can cause scabies is in the form of skin hygiene where some
students do not maintain their personal hygiene. It can be seen from the
results of the study that some of the respondents who suffered from scabies 60%
who never bathed at least 2x a day were 40% of the respondents. This is in
accordance with what was conveyed by Ravelingien et
al. (2016), that personal hygiene is an important factor
in health maintenance efforts to always live a healthy life. Maintaining
personal hygiene also means maintaining general health. According to the
opinion of researchers, by always bathing at least 2 times a day, the skin will
always be kept clean, so that germs or mites that cause scabies can be lost, so
the possibility of suffering from scabies is reduced.
Meanwhile, other results from
respondents' statements about personal hygiene, never changing underwear every
day as much as 36%, respondents never changing clothes after bathing every day
by 30%. This is in accordance with Afraniza (2016) which states that students who do not keep
their clothes clean have a 2.9 times risk of suffering from scabies compared to
students who always change their underwear. According to the researcher, this
happened because the respondent after bathing did not use clean underwear and
outer clothes, this happened because the Santri bathroom did not meet
health standards in the absence of a special room and clean clothes hangers in
the bathroom. So that it causes students to be lazy to wear clean clothes
directly in the bathroom because the clean clothes are often wet by splashing
bath water. Apart from that, because of the limited number of ��� bathrooms compared to the number of
students, the use of � the bathroom must
take turns. Because of that, the students never change their clean underwear
and outer clothes after bathing.
From the results of the study that
the clean and healthy living behavior of respondents with indicators of using
clean water, it was found that most of the respondents were 43%, 60% of
respondents who suffered from scabies said that they never cleaned water
reservoirs regularly. This is in accordance with the (Perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, 2018), the benefits of using clean water are
avoiding diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, helminthiasis,
eye disease, skin or poisoning and that every family member is kept clean.
According to the opinion of researchers, the meaning of cleaning the water
reservoir is to drain the water in the water reservoir and then clean it. By
doing this, it is hoped that germs or mosquito larvae can be removed so that it
can reduce the occurrence of scabies or other diseases.
In this study, as many as 31% of
respondents said they never opened the bedroom window every morning so that
sunlight could not enter from 60% of respondents who suffered from scabies,
this greatly affects the incidence of scabies disease. This is in accordance
with (Suyanto, et
al., 2009) which states that if the room does not meet
good lighting, it will facilitate the occurrence of disease transmission among
residents, especially scabies skin disease. Air exchange (air ventilation) is
also very influential on the health of the room. Sufficient air exchange causes
the room air to remain fresh (contain enough oxygen). Thus every room must have
adequate windows. The arrangement of the rooms must also be made in such a way
that air can flow freely when the windows and doors are opened. According to
the opinion of the researcher, the above is due to inadequate ventilation in
the students' rooms, which are small windows that are attached to the building
next to it, so that sunlight cannot be maximally entered into the room, so the
humidity in the room is very high.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this study,
it can be concluded as follows, clean and healthy living behavior in students
at the Raudlatul Ulum Islamic Boarding School 2
Putukrejo Gondanglegi almost half are clean and healthy living behaviors with
good categories as many as 44 respondents (40.0%). The incidence of scabies in
students at the Raudlatul Ulum 2 Islamic Boarding School Putukrejo Gondanglegi
was the majority of the students, as many as 66 respondents (60.0%). There is a
relationship between clean and healthy living behavior with the incidence of
scabies disease in students at the Raudlatul Ulum Islamic Boarding School 2
Putukrejo Gondanglegi with a value of r = -0.907 with a significance value (p)
of 0.000 (p <0.05) which means clean and healthy living behavior with scabies
has a very strong and significant relationship, with a negative correlation
direction. This means that the worse the behavior of clean and healthy living,
the higher the suffering from scabies.
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Copyright holders:
Theresia Emiliana R, Lilla Maria, Risna Yekti M
(2022)
First publication right:
Devotion -
Journal of Community Service
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
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