ELDERLY DIARY AS A PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY TOWARDS
SUCCESSFUL AGING IN THE ELDERLY AT SOCIAL INSTITUTIONAL
Grace
Tandipayuk1, Intan Rahmawati2
Brawijaya University,
Indonesia1,2
1[email protected],
2[email protected]
|
KEYWORDS Diary, Elderly People, Nursing Home,
Productive Activities, Successful Aging, Qualitative ARTICLE
INFO Accepted: March, 23rd 2022 Revised: April, 3rd 2022 Approved: April, 5th 2022 |
ABSTRACT This
study aims to determine successful aging in the elderly through their own
stories and photos and then they can re-read the stories they told themselves
previously through diary activities. This research with a qualitative
approach involves two informants who are elderly and live in a nursing home.
Both informants were obtained by purposive sampling technique. This study
uses data collection methods by means of interviews, observations, and
documentation and data analysis using thematic analysis. The results showed
that successful aging can be seen from 3 factors, namely selection,
optimization and compensation. Giving an elderly diary is one method that
helps in opening up the elderly, becoming a forum for the elderly to refer to
the extent to which the cognitive function, productive activities and
physical activities of the elderly by inviting the elderly to tell their
lives and attaching photos of their activities in the diary. This research
only focuses on qualitative aspects and is limited to two informants. Future
researchers may consider doing other methods and more informants to be
involved in the research. This research contributes to the development of
knowledge related to the role of productivity and cognition in the elderly.
By understanding the factors of successful aging in the elderly, it helps in
activating some of the roles that the elderly can still play in old age. |
INTRODUCTION
Old age is the end of an individual's developmental
span, a phase in which the individual has moved away from a more pleasant or
beneficial period. When a person has moved on from a prior stage of his life,
he typically looks back on it with regret and prefers to live in the present,
avoiding the future as much as possible (Sukmawati, 2019).
The development of old age in relation to the concept
of successful aging runs counter to popular belief in society since it
indicates the proper and best way to age, yet aging is a decline defined by
memory loss, physical decline, and cognitive decline. According to Papalia et al., (2008), progress
while aging allows some older individuals who are healthy, competent, and in
charge of their lives to view their latter years as a
pleasant experience.
The author's choice of research on the development of
the old is intriguing because most research on the elderly focuses solely on
the physical aspect of the elderly. Another important aspect to research is the
cognitive aspect, which includes the elderly's ability to remember events and
events from various life experiences, as well as psychosocial aspects of how
the elderly maintain their activities and activities in the old age range that
are related to successful aging. Rowe and Kahn (in Longo et al., 2022) highlighted three key
components of healthy aging: (1) avoiding disease or disease-related limits,
(2) keeping good physical and cognitive performance, and (3) sustaining social
involvement. activities that are both active and productive (activities, paid or
unpaid, which has social value). People who age
successfully have social support, both emotional and material, which aids
mental health, and they don't consider themselves old as long as they can keep
active and productive.
In their later years, not all elderly people live with
their relatives (Wenger, 2021). Panti
Werdha, often known as a nursing home, is one of the
places where the old end up spending their lives. According to Santrock et al. (2002), care
institutions or nursing homes are for the elderly. Elderly persons have a
variety of demands, and health care facilities are also provided (Steinman et al., 2020). The elderly in
nursing facilities frequently have challenges that make them feel uneasy about
being there (Alftberg et
al., 2018). Loneliness,
alienation from the surroundings, helplessness, reliance, lack of confidence,
neglect, particularly among the poor elderly, and a lack of assistance from
family members are some of these issues (Sunaryo, 2022).
Nursing homes are locations where we may observe firsthand the everyday lives of the elderly who congregate,
the activities and repercussions of those activities in the orphanage, the
state of the elderly who no longer live with their families, and the
relationship between successful aging and personality. The author employed a
journal or what is widely known as a diary as one of the approaches to
determine the successful aging of the elderly in nursing homes (Taneva & Arnold, 2018).
Diary is a record of events that occur on a daily
basis or serves as a recollection of past events. It can also be a moment or a
chapter in our lives' history. With the passage of time, the diary's function
has shifted from only collecting memories to serving as a medium for retaining
vital information, such as experiences, thoughts, and feelings. It can be used
to record useful and fascinating experiences. A diary can also be used to keep
track of crucial and valuable thoughts that arise. Similarly, sentiments about
or towards something can be a diary as well.
It can also be used to keep track of key events or
events involving feelings, thoughts, or experiences (Zulkarnaini, 2021). The elderly can use
this journal to record their experiences, which are subsequently written in the
diary, as well as to preserve pictures or daily portraits from their numerous
photos. There is a period in the development of the old, and the elderly have
had many life experiences, including how their travel adventures are documented
in their memories, as well as significant and relevant things or lessons that
they discover in their lives.
Tresna Werdha Social Institution (TWSI) Minaula
Kendari is one of the social institutions held by the Southeast Sulawesi
regional government in the city of Kendari, with administrators working as
civil officials and a population of roughly 90 senior people. This orphanage
provides a variety of services to assist the elderly in living in the orphanage.
In addition, the activities carried out in the orphanage on a regular basis
urge the elderly to participate actively in these activities. The author can
directly connect and build activities with the elderly through activities in
the orphanage without specific constraints because the orphanages themselves
are glad when outsiders come and interact with them because they feel they have
a new family. The author uses the diary, which is one of the media tools for channeling one's feelings and thoughts, because it allows
him to develop a quick rapport with the elderly and get more personal
information about them. Writers can use this diary to learn about the elderly's
aging success through their own stories and images, and then re-read the
stories they told themselves previously. The authors conduct related research
based on the backdrop description. "Writers can learn about the aging
success of the elderly through their own stories and images, and then re-read
the stories they told themselves previously. The authors conduct related
research based on the background description. "Writers can learn from the
elderly's aging success by looking at their own stories and images, and then
re-reading the stories they previously told themselves. The authors conduct
related research based on the backdrop description "At Tresna
Werdha Social Institution (TWSI) Minaula
Kendari, Elderly as a Productive Activity Towards Successful Aging in Elderly.
Research related to successful aging
has been carried out by H�rder et al. (2013) conducted research on successful aging from
the perspective of community-dwelling older people, spesifically
related to self-respect through the ability to keep fear of infirmity at bay. Foster & Walker (2015) conducted research on successful
aging through European policy perspective. While Van Wagenen et al. (2013) conducted research regarding
successful aging on elder people who are from LGBTQ community.
RESEARCH METHOD��
In this implementation, the author carried out activities
for 1 (one) month starting from July 02, 2012 to August 03, 2012. The routine
schedule of activities every day from Monday to Friday starting at 08.00 to
13.00 which is adjusted to the policy of the institution, civil servants working
the nursing home. The data collection
process carried out by the
authors include observation, interview and documentation. The observation method is carried out by
witnessing the everyday activities and activities of the Tresna Werdha
Social Institution (TWSI) Minaula Kendari and
two old persons
who are the subjects of the
author's research, namely a grandfather with the letters
SO and a grandmother with the initials
KI. The researcher employs participant observation in this study, in which he
acts as an observer while also working as a staff member at the Tresna Werdha
Minaula Social Institution, where he is closely involved in daily life with the
orphanage's elderly residents.
The interview conducted through collecting data by asking and
answering questions about the data and information needed as supporting data for the report,
which in this case is an
unstructured interview because the questions
asked contain the subject's opinions,
attitudes, and beliefs, as well as other information that can be
submitted freely. to both
the institution and the individual, who are allowed complete
freedom to describe their responses and share
their opinions. The author uses
three instruments as tools to collect
the required data, namely recorder, camera, and
stationery. All discussions are recorded
with this recorder. The usage of a recording device
in this case is a recording device from the author's mobile phone, which can be
used in interviews if the researcher
obtains the subject's permission. The tools used to take
various pictures to support the
observation process during the research. Stationery is
used to write on the
observation sheet. The use of stationery in the interview can be used during
the interview.
Thematic Analysis
is a type of qualitative analysis. Used to analyze
classifications and present themes (patterns) related to the data. Thematic
analysis is considered the most appropriate for any study that seeks to find using
interpretation (Alhojailan,
2012). It provides a
systematic element for data analysis. This allows the researcher to associate
the theme frequency analysis with any one of the overall content. This will
provide accuracy and complexity and enhance the overall meaning of the study.
Qualitative research requires
understanding and collecting various aspects and data (Alhojailan,
2012).
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
1.
Activity Description
The topic first revealed the account of his
life journey in a book brought by the author before beginning
to give the
aged journal (Starbuck,
2018). The
writer then instructed the subject to write down any intriguing anecdotes from
the past or that had occurred for some time and wished to save the souvenirs in
a diary, which the subject would take the next day. The subject then narrates
his narrative, and the writer keeps track of what the subject says.
Since subjects I and II do not remember the exact date of their
occurrence and the diaries of the elderly are given in the following days
according to the schedule at the orphanage, which is frequently visited by
guests, the first component of the diary, which usually consists of day, date,
and year, is not placed in the diary, the author numbered each story. Second,
the particular category includes the components of the diary content defined by
the subject. Subject I in this diary category employs colloquial language to
narrate the story in Kendari dialect, while subject II in this diary category
uses Javanese dialect. The author had carried from his previous residence the
same book in which the two languages were written. Furthermore, the author
brought his diary to the orphanage, and the stories of subjects I and II, which
had been told and written in their language in the author's book, were then
translated into Indonesian by the author so that the diary's readers would not
be confused while reading and the story neatly typed by the author. After that,
each participant recorded the outcome of the story in their respective
geriatric notebooks, which the previous author had provided. Paper glue, scissors to produce attractive paper patterns to paste
in the diary, colorful knickknacks, ribbons, and some dried plants brought from
home were among the items utilized. Photographs of the subjects' activities
were also included in the diary. The author then translated the story into
Indonesian so that the diary's readers would not be confused while reading it,
and the text was typed neatly by the author. After that, each participant
recorded the outcome of the story in their respective geriatric notebooks,
which the previous author had provided. Paper glue, scissors, colorful
knickknacks, ribbons, and some dried plants brought from home were among the
items utilized. The diary was further embellished with photographs of the
individuals' activities. The author then translated the story into Indonesian
so that the diary's readers wouldn't be confused while reading it, and the
story was transcribed nicely. Following that, each participant recorded the
outcome of the story in their own old notebooks, which the previous author had
provided. Paper glue, scissors to produce attractive paper patterns to paste in
the diary, colorful knickknacks, ribbons, and some dried plants brought from
home were among the items utilized. Photographs of the subjects' activities
were also included in the diary. Paper glue, scissors to produce attractive
paper patterns to paste in the diary, colorful knickknacks, ribbons, and some
dried plants brought from home were among the items utilized. Photographs of
the subjects' activities were also included in the diary. Paper glue, scissors
to produce attractive paper patterns to paste in the diary, colorful
knickknacks, ribbons, and some dried plants brought from home were among the
items utilized. Photographs of the subjects' activities were also included in
the diary.
When he pasted the
papers holding his life narrative, the subject laughed, and since I couldn't
read, he requested the writer to read the account, and his friends from the
guest home from subject I came to listen. Hearing the account of subject I in
the diary, all the elderly in the luxurious guesthouse where subject I lived
laughed, and several of the elderly who spotted the writer holding the camera
asked the writer to take their picture. They also stated that when it was time
for them to paste, they and I wanted to stick together, and their photos wanted
to be pasted as well.
The writer and
several residents of the prosperous guesthouse, where subject I lived, had
previously been asked to do things like the elderly diary of subject I, so the
author invited them to do an elderly internship program, which contained photos
of each elderly taken, based on the wishes of several grandmothers at Wisma
Makmur. I scribbled each of their names a few days ago, then pasted, cut out
the photo, and adorned the wall magazine. While pasting the photo, grandmothers
pointed to their friend's expression and then chuckled. This pastime, they
claim, is interesting for them because previously, most students who came
directly submitted images without including their grandmothers in the pasting
process. Although not all of the grandmothers at the homestead were involved.
The author also held an elderly mading program at Wisma Abadi, where the
subject II lived. It was seen that the elderly, both grandparents and
grandparents enjoyed the elderly mading activities. They didn't want to miss
pasting their photos and pasting the knick-knacks the writer had brought from
home. They take turns sticking to the place that is still empty. Even after
that 2 grandfathers immediately looked for hammers and attached the elderly
mading with nails. Let's not let go, he said. Even though the author himself
had brought a large piece of tape from home. Unlike the previous guesthouse,
this guesthouse is where all the residents are involved in working on the
elderly posters, both grandparents and grandparents. It was seen that the
elderly, both grandparents and grandparents enjoyed the elderly mading
activities. They didn't want to miss pasting their photos and pasting the
knick-knacks the writer had brought from home. They take turns sticking to the
place that is still empty. Even after that 2 grandfathers immediately looked
for hammers and attached the elderly mading with nails. Let's not let go, he
said. Even though the author himself had brought a large piece of tape from
home. In contrast to the previous guesthouse, in this guesthouse all residents
are involved in working on the elderly wall magazine, both grandparents and
grandparents. It was seen that the elderly, both grandparents and grandparents
enjoyed the elderly mading activities. They didn't want to miss pasting their
photos and pasting the knick-knacks the writer had brought from home. They take
turns sticking to the place that is still empty. Even after that 2 grandfathers
immediately looked for hammers and attached the elderly mading with nails.
Let's not let go, he said. Even though the author himself had brought a large
piece of tape from home. In contrast to the previous guesthouse, in this
guesthouse all residents are involved in working on the elderly wall magazine,
both grandparents and grandparents. Even after that 2 grandfathers immediately
looked for hammers and attached the elderly mading with nails. Let's not let
go, he said. Even though the author himself had brought a large piece of tape
from home. In contrast to the previous guesthouse, in this guesthouse all
residents are involved in working on the elderly wall magazine, both
grandparents and grandparents. Even after that 2 grandfathers immediately
looked for hammers and attached the elderly mading with nails. Let's not let
go, he said. Even though the author himself had brought a large piece of tape
from home. In contrast to the previous guesthouse, in this guesthouse all
residents are involved in working on the elderly wall magazine, both
grandparents and grandparents.
2. �DISCUSSION
Based on
Rowe and Kahn's concept of successful aging and several
other embodiments of the definition,
which are based on successful aging
studies by MacArthur (in Schupmann,
Jamal, & Berkman, 2020) using
his eyesight because KI is affected by cataract which has been running for almost a
year. But this only bothered him at night. In the morning and afternoon he
still carried out his activities as usual.
For KI's physical ability, he has no physical
limitations, has no difficulty walking around the house, wearing his own
clothes, bathing, eating, sleeping and getting up in his own room and using the
toilet. He is even in charge of cleaning the guesthouse so that he sweeps, mops
with 2 of his friends, and does the
laundry every day
(Toson, n.d.).
Sometimes traveling out of town by car, such as going to Wawatobi to pick up
rice which is quite far from Kendari city.
Cognitive function is based on questions about life posed
by the author, asking about the years, the names of important people in his
life, KI no longer remembers his own birth year even his real name because
according to him, old people did not remember his birth year. and he got his
name from the habit of people calling him that. Although KI did not go to
school, his memory is still strong, including when he told how his trip to
Wawatobi he explained clearly to the writer about his journey, and every year
to collect his rice he traveled alone but he still memorized the instructions
of the roads he had to go through and what kind of car is used.
Based on the physical function of the elderly, KI still
maintains its physical functions such as being able to climb the walls of the
nursing home, even doing this every day because the house of the grandmother of
Kui's family turns out to be right behind the nursing home and every day they
finish eating breakfast and before evening if there is no activity in the
nursing home. The orphanage, KI went
and returned to his family's house.
Active social
involvement is maintained by KI as the head
of the guesthouse appointed
by the caretaker of the orphanage so that KI is familiar with all the members
of the guesthouse and also invites other elderly people who want to enter the
nursing home as he did when
one of the
grandmothers entered the PSTW. For productive activities, whether paid, unpaid or socially valuable, the productive
activities he does are actively cleaning both inside and outside the guesthouse
as the chairman of the prosperous homestead, because if anything happens the
head of the homestead moves and the head of the homestead who later became the
target. For that, he and two other friends, namely grandmother wa bua and
grandmother katinem who routinely and always clean. He also washed the clothes
of his friend who was unable to wash and brought food to his homestead friend
who couldn't take food in the kitchen because
he was sick (Goulah-Pabst, 2021).
KI used to
do out-of-home activities, but now it is no longer because of the change of
people in the position of head of the orphanage (Wilson
& Barnett, 2020).The head of the orphanage who used to serve often
invited the elderly to be involved in competitions such as reading salawa and won 1st place. In addition, KI himself had a Ma'
Lulo (traditional dance typical of Southeast
Sulawesi) competition because he used to like Ma' Lulo
and Ma' dero (one of the traditional dances
also where women fight men in dancing), playing gambus
and singing. But now there is nothing from his hobbies that he used to do
because his eyes and legs are now limited, besides that he is ashamed to sing
and because he will be laughed at even though he is lured by money, KI doesn't
want to, he is old, he said.
On SO himself, he never experienced pain while in the orphanage (Ntuli et al.,
2020). According to the
employee's narrative, this is related to SO's past, who was retired from the
TNI so that his health is still strong and he has never been sick. Physically
what can be seen from SO is that his teeth are toothless but according to his
narrative he still eats rice instead of porridge. He also still likes and can
eat peye but can't use fried peanuts, corn, etc. SO has varicose veins in her
legs but according to her story she has never had any problems with them. His
own father died in 1957 due to Hosa's disease or known as cough, but SO did not
experience that. However, the things that are commonly experienced by people
such as getting thrush even though they have drunk lasegar and oranges are also
experienced by SO.
SO also avoids
physical limitations that are usually experienced by the elderly in general
where he does not experience any difficulty in walking around the house,
wearing his own clothes, bathing, eating, sleeping and getting up in his own
room and using the toilet. In fact, he admitted that his 4-year marriage with
grandmother named Suaya was based on helping the grandmother from her daily
activities which were hampered by her wife's blindness. So that every day he
accompanying his wife is either escorted to the bathroom, and then his wife
bathes herself. Likewise, when he wants to pray, he takes him to the mosque but
his wife can wear her own clothes. In addition, food is picked up and provided
by SO.
In cognitive function, SO still maintains his cognitive
function based on the questions asked by the author about his life, starting
from his childhood, school, what year SO started leaving his home and wandering
as well as the marriages he experienced, his work and what experiences were
most interesting to him in his life. past and his views on the present versus his
life in the past.
SO also maintains
his physical function by being able to lift gallons of drinking water for his
homestead. SO is also more likely to travel to the market when selling his
mat-weaving skills which is a few kilometers from the orphanage on foot rather
than accepting offers from people around him who are willing to help him take
him to the market by motorbike or car.
Talking about active
social involvement and productive activities, whether paid, unpaid or socially
valuable, SO still has social involvement, such as helping in the kitchen,
lifting pots, voluntarily singing Javanese songs to entertain kindergarten
children with other people. their elderly who came to visit the nursing home.
In his activities, he always participates in community service activities such
as pulling grass, cleaning in the guesthouse. He also does sports, as he used
to do at the village every Friday and now in a nursing home every Monday,
Wednesday, and Friday. If there is no exercise schedule, SO does his own
laundry. For productive activities, he and his wife work together in weaving
mats which are then sold so that they can still earn in old age. Together with
his friend, Mr. Gino and several other friends every morning sunbathing. SO
himself likes the heat so every morning he prefers to sunbathe rather than
sleep.
Based on the
explanation above, it can be seen how the influence of aging
experienced by the two subjects
based on Paul Baltes et al., (in Santrock, 2002) said that successful aging involves 3 main factors, namely:
a.
Selection
It is based on the concept that old age is a decrease in capacity
and loss of certain functions, which leads to a decrease in the ability of most
of its functions both physically and mentally. Thus, the elderly here collect
their remaining abilities by choosing fewer and meaningful activities where
they can focus their abilities.
KI prefers not to continue his hobby and his ability to be good at
dancing and just carry out his daily activities, his responsibility as the head
of the guesthouse.
SO prefers to produce something more meaningful in his activities
with his wife, namely by weaving mats together and selling them in the market
to make money in addition to carrying out his duties as chairman of the
guesthouse.
b.
Optimization
Stating that here the elderly tend to optimize or maximize their
ability to remain superior.
KI in the results of interviews with the author, does not seem to
optimize an activity because he himself does not seem to focus his activities
on something more meaningful. Just living his daily life with the elderly in a
nursing home and living back and forth in his family environment.
SO in the interview with the author focused on weaving mats
continuously and did not stop when the mats had been sold, so that when guests
came to the orphanage, one of the mating skills performed by him and his wife
was one of the attractions of the elderly's abilities
at the orphanage decrepit.
c.
Compensation
When the daily tasks
of the elderly exceed the ability of the elderly themselves, elderly people in
particular need to compensate in situations that require high physical and
mental abilities, such as when thinking about and remembering something new
quickly, reacting quickly.
KI, even though he
is illiterate, outsmarts his inability to pay attention to what someone's
speech means so that he knows. School people become the place to wonder, how to
speak properly. By familiarizing yourself with them, such as asking, for
example, what is the purpose of this conversation, how? He learns from hearing
everything and likes to ask questions, because according to him, together with
smart people, we must be smart too.
SO in tackling the
daily tasks of the elderly that exceed the ability of the elderly themselves,
the subject compensates by not doing activities that he likes first because it
is physically impossible to do it again such as playing ball instead of taking
a morning walk while sunbathing, dancing and singing. used to be a package of
things he did, but now he only sings in public when guests come and no longer
dances, besides weaving the mat.
From the
factors proposed by Paul Baltes et al. (in Santrock, 2002) it can be
seen that between 2 subjects namely KI and SO, the authors conclude
that those who experience successful aging in old age are SO. Due to both
selection, optimization and compensation factors, SO selects activities
according to his abilities in his old age appropriately, optimizing the
activities he chooses. She also compensates her activities in tackling the
daily tasks of the elderly that are beyond her ability by not doing activities
she likes because it is physically impossible for her to do it. So choosing to
weave mats as a productive activity in his old age with his wife is the right
activity because apart from channeling his abilities he can produce something
in his old age.
As
for KI himself, he does not focus on productive activities and prefers to live
his old age as it is for the elderly in general in nursing homes. Even within
her limitations, she only participates in activities carried out in the
orphanage, such as eating, drinking, sleeping, telling stories with other
grandmothers without wanting to create a new activity for herself. Thus, from
the authors' successful aging, the authors define SO as the elderly who
experience successful aging in their old age.
CONCLUSION
Tresna Werdha
Minaula Kendari Social Home which is a government-owned orphanage that provides
services and other facilities for the welfare of the elderly living in the
orphanage, focuses on providing regular guidance and direction, but has not
focused on productive activities that involve the elderly directly to be active
in activities. Successful aging is influenced by 3
factors, namely selection, optimization and compensation. How individuals
select activities that suit their current condition, optimize or focus on these
activities and compensate for activities according to their abilities, makes
the elderly to be successful in their old age without being afraid of the
limitations of their condition. Giving an elderly
diary is one method that helps in opening up the elderly, becoming a forum for
writers to refer to the extent to which the cognitive function, productive
activities and physical activities of the elderly by inviting the elderly to
tell their lives and attaching photos of their activities in the diary. KI in his daily life does not focus on productive activities and
prefers to live his old age as it is for the elderly in general in nursing
homes. Even within its limitations, KI only participates in activities carried
out in the orphanage, such as eating, drinking, sleeping, telling stories with
other grandmothers without wanting to create a new activity for himself. SO in living his old age, still carries out various activities by
selecting activities according to his abilities in his old age appropriately,
optimizing and compensating for his daily activities. However, the activities
that SO does are adjusted to his physical abilities so that daily tasks that
exceed his abilities are not carried out and he chooses productive activities,
namely weaving mats with his wife in his old age. So that successful aging in
the elderly based on 2 subjects in the Minaula nursing home is SO.
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Copyright holders:
Grace Tandipayuk, Intan Rahmawati (2022)
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Devotion - Journal of Community Service
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