Volume 3, Number 14, December 2022 e-ISSN: 2797-6068 and p-ISSN: 2777-0915
CONSTRUCTION OF AMPELSARI
RESERVOIR PASURUAN REGENCY
Cornelius Umarwoko
Daniarto, Wateno Oetomo, Esti Wulandari
Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Indonesia
Email: [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected]
|
KEYWORDS value
engineering, cost saving, embung |
ABSTRACT Controlling the cost and time of project implementation is important in
a project management process. In this research, a value engineering analysis
will be carried out on the Ampelsari Reservoir construction plan to determine
the most effective and cost-efficient alternative construction design. The
application of value engineering to determine the amount of construction cost
savings with a work plan includes: Information Stage, Creative Stage,
Analysis Stage, and Recommendation Stage. The results of the value
engineering analysis in this study obtained construction cost savings of Rp.
1,624,162,703.65 or 6.16% of the total initial design cost, with alternative
designs selected in 3 (three) types of work, on Spillway Work with K-225
Reinforced Concrete and Cyclop Concrete work items (A3), on Gate Valve House
Work with Concrete Rebate and U-Ditch 30 x 30 work items (B3), on Reservoir
Work with HDPE Pipe work items dia. 2.5" (C2). 2.5" (C2) |
INTRODUCTION
In carrying
out a building or other structure construction project, a fee is required so
that the project can run. Before the building owner decides to proceed with the
project to the design and construction stage, a budget needs to be prepared in
advance (Andriani et al., 2019).
This budget is often an obstacle, because it is a limit to the amount of money
that must be spent to carry out a construction project. But everyone is
interested in saving costs and everyone is trying to find an investment that
can generate the maximum return on investment (Amir & Zakia, 2018). The application
of value engineering in the field of construction is an approach that is carried
out systematically by a team of many disciplines that focuses on value and
function. The application of Value Engineering in construction projects has the
potential for considerable savings from the project budget. The application of
value engineering in construction projects, the techniques and alternatives
used are different, this is due to the approach used, cultural conditions, and
different procurement systems (Putra et al., 2018). There are still
many inefficiencies in the implementation of building construction at this
time, so it is necessary to carry out a design review or value engineering so
that unnecessary costs and efforts can be eliminated or reduced so that the
value or cost of the project can be even more economical. (Syafira et al., 2020).
The plan to build
the Ampelsari Reservoir in Ampelsari Village, Pasrepan District, Pasuruan
Regency is one of the efforts to conserve water, and use it for raw water needs
and irrigation water, as well as reduce flooding (Bahri & Indryani, 2018). The Ampelsari
Reservoir is planned to be 14.6 m high, 50.65 m long, with an inundation area
of 5,384 m2 and a storage volume of 19,062 m3. Construction of the body of the
reservoir is planned in the form of landfill imported from the Borrow Area. The
benefits of the reservoir are to supply the raw water needs of the Ampelsari
village of 6.39 l/s and also to supply irrigation for the Wijeng Irrigation
Area of 88 Ha with a Paddy-Palawija-Palawija cropping pattern with a Planting
Index of 260% and an operational reliability of 88%. In addition, the Ampelsari
Embung has the potential to reduce flood peaks by 78% with an inflow of 39.92
m3/sec and an outflow of 8.66 m3/sec (Baskara, 2019).
In this
research, value engineering analysis will be carried out in the Embung
Ampelsari construction plan to determine the most effective and efficient
construction design alternatives. So that it can determine the amount of
construction cost savings with the application of value engineering (Bertolini et al., 2015).
Value Engineering (Value Engineering)
Value engineering is the systematic evaluation of the
engineering design of a project to get the most value for each dollar spent. Furthermore, Value Engineering
examines and considers the various components of activities such as
procurement, fabrication, and construction as well as other activities in
relation to costs and functions, with the aim of reducing overall project
costs. (Fisk et al., 1982)
The definition of value engineering related to use in construction projects (Zimmerman & Hart, 1982) is:
1. An Oriented System, an identification technique,
eliminates unnecessary costs
2. A Multidiciplin Team Approach, a cost-saving technique involving the entire team, across multiple
fields.
3. A Proven Management Tecnique, a proven and guaranteed cost saving technique
4. An Oriented Function, oriented to the
function required for each item
5. Life Cycle Cost Oriented, oriented to the
total costs required during the production process, optimizing operations.
Information Stage
A Pareto chart is a bar chart combined
with a line chart to show a parameter being measured. It can be a frequency of
occurrence or a certain value, so that the dominant parameter can be
identified. Become a standard method in quality control in order to get maximum
results. Also considered as a form of a simple approach that is easily
understood by workers, and can be used as a solution tool in complex fields (Diputera et al., 2018).
The Pareto principle is a logical
approach to a probability distribution that has a strong rule of thumb that
coincides with the social sciences, science, geophysics, and those related to
estimation. Often referred to as the 80-20 principle. This is because this
principle states that about 80% of results are actually produced by 20% of
inputs or drives (Ani Firda, 2018).
Cost/Worth Ratio
The function analysis process uses the Cost/Worth (C/W)
ratio equation which analyzes the cost of elements with the cost of the
function of these elements (Retno & Hastuti, 2002).
Index Function Analysis = Cost / Worth
Where cost is the total cost of a
work item and worth is a form of cost that only has a functional value
to that work item. In the function analysis stage, if the index value is
obtained > 1, then some of these work items have the potential to be carried
out by Value Engineering. A high cost-to-worth ratio for a work
item indicates that the work item has high cost savings, and will be selected
for further analysis (Khamim & Harsanti, 2015).
Analysis Stage
Zero - One matrix
The zero-one matrix is a decision-making method that aims to determine the priority
order of functions (criteria). The principle of this method is to determine the
relativity of a "more important" or "less important"
function to other functions. Functions that are "more important" are
given a value of one, while values that are "less important" are
given a value of zero (Mahyuddin, 2020). Then by comparison an index will be obtained for each criterion which will
later become a calculation parameter in determining the value of decision
making for each alternative based on predetermined criteria. (Julien, 1999)
RESEARCH METHOD
The subject of this study was the planning
for the development of the Ampelsari Embung in Ampelsari Village, Pasrepan District, Pasuruan
Regency, East Java Province, and the researchers made a comparison of the
initial designs by analyzing alternative construction designs, calculating the
volume of work and calculating the construction costs of all design
alternatives.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Information Stage
Project information, basic project data in this study are
based on the results of the detailed planning of the Ampelsari Embung design
which has been carried out within the Brantas River Basin Center. The budget plan data for the construction of the Ampelsari Embung are as follows.
Table 1
Recapitulation of
the Project Cost Budget Plan
|
No |
Job description |
Total price |
|
1 |
Preparatory
work |
Rp.
39,042,235.24 |
|
2 |
Reservoir
Body Work |
Rp.
4,226,745,701.67 |
|
3 |
Spillway
work (overflow) |
Rp.
5,693,832,457.09 |
|
4 |
Intake
work (inlet-outlet) |
Rp.
1,251,317,923.03 |
|
5 |
Gate
Valve Homework |
Rp.
2,183,572,627.64 |
|
6 |
Reservoir
Work |
Rp.
1,491,079,673.45 |
|
7 |
Public
Hydrant Works |
Rp.
1,383,675,256.15 |
|
8 |
Complementary
Building Works |
Rp.
1,088,156,308.09 |
|
|
TOTAL
NUMBER |
Rp.
15,557,422,182.35 |
Source: BBWS Brantas, 2020
Breakdown cost to identify elements of work that have the potential
to have a high level of cost and value engineering analysis can be carried out
next.
Table
2
Breakdown Cost Project Cost
Source: BBWS Brantas, 2020
Pareto chart to identify and classify
work items according to the project plan and the amount of the planned costs.
Next, make a list and order the amount of the cost plan from the largest to the
lowest cost plan. By calculating the cumulative quantity and cumulative
percentage, a Pareto chart can be drawn.
Table 3
Project
Cost Percentage Ranking
Source: Analysis, 2022
Figure 1
Project
Pareto Chart
Source: Analysis, 2022
The results of the Pareto Diagram
analysis with the 80%/20% law on the overall project cost plan, there are 4
(four) types of work that have the potential to be value engineered, namely:
1. Spillway Work
3. Gate Valve Homework
4. Reservoir Work (Reservoir)
Furthermore, for 4 (four) types of work,
Pareto Diagram analysis was carried out to determine work items that could be
value engineered.
1. Abundant Work
Figure 2
Overflow
Jobs Pareto Chart
Source: Analysis, 2022
The results of the Pareto Diagram
analysis on Overflowing Works, there are 2 (two) work items that have the
potential for value engineering, namely:
� Stone Pair 1PC : 4PP
� Dump Truck Transporting Materials a distance of 5 km
2. Reservoir Body Work
Figure 3
Reservoir
Body Work Pareto Chart
Source: Analysis, 2022
The results of the Pareto Diagram
analysis on the
Reservoir Body Work, there
is 1 (one) work item that has the potential for value engineering, namely:
� Heaps of Preferred Land 10 km away
3. Gate Valve Homework
Figure 4
Gate Valve
Homework
Pareto Diagram
Source: Analysis, 2022
The results of the Pareto Diagram
analysis on Gate
Valve Homework, there are 4 (four) work items
that have the potential for value engineering, namely:
� Stone Pair 1PC : 4PP
� Dump Truck Transporting Materials a distance of 5 km
� paving
� Soil excavation
4. Reservoir Work
Figure 5
Reservoir Work Pareto Chart
Source: Analysis, 2022
The results of the Pareto Diagram
analysis on Reservoir
Works, there is 1 (one) work item that has
the potential for value engineering, namely:
� GIP pipe 2.5" diameter
Cost/Worth Ratio
Function analysis using the Cost/Worth
ratio equation which analyzes the cost of work items with the cost of work
item functions, based on the price of each work item. By analyzing the main
function (Primary) and supporting function (Secondary), so as to know the
comparison between the costs and the value of the benefits needed to produce
these functions. In the function analysis stage, if the value of the Cost/Worth
ratio index is obtained > 1 then the work item has the potential to be
subject to value engineering analysis at a later stage. The results of the
analysis for each type of work that has the potential to be value engineered
are as follows:
Table 4
Cost/Worth
Function
Analysis
|
No. |
Job
description |
cost |
Worth |
C/W ratio |
|
|
1 |
Spillway Work _ |
5,693,832,457.09 |
3,496,136,078.38 |
1.63 |
|
|
2 |
Reservoir Body Work |
4,226,745,701.67 |
3,096,128,275.46 |
1.37 |
|
|
3 |
Gate Valve Homework |
2,183,572,627.64 |
988,720,093.62 |
2,21 |
|
|
4 |
Reservoir Work |
1,491,079,673.45 |
1,237,783,758.94 |
1.20 |
Source:
Analysis, 2022
In the function analysis stage, it is
obtained that the index value of the Cost/Worth ratio is obtained >
1, so the work item has the potential for value engineering analysis to be
carried out at a later stage.
1.
Spillway
Work
2.
Gate
Valve Homework
3.
Reservoir
Work (Reservoir)
Creative Stage
The creative stage is to formulate and
think about other alternatives that can fulfill the same use or function as the
initial plan. Based on the results of the analysis at the information stage,
the types and items of work that can be carried out by design alternatives are
obtained, including the following:
Table
5
Abundant Job Alternatives
|
No |
Code |
Job description |
|
|
|
1 |
A1 |
Stone Pair 1PC :
4PP |
|
|
|
2 |
A2 |
K225 Reinforced Concrete &
Fitting. Stone 1PC : 4PP |
|
|
|
3 |
A3 |
K225 Reinforced Concrete &
Cyclops Concrete |
|
Source: Analysis, 2022
Table 6
Gate Valve
Homework
Alternatives
|
No |
Code |
Job description |
|
|
1 |
B1 |
Stone
Pair 1PC : 4PP |
|
|
2 |
B2 |
Rebate
& Fitting Concrete. Stone 1PC : 4PP |
|
|
3 |
B3 |
Rebate Concrete
& U-Ditch 30 x 30 |
|
Source: Analysis, 2022
Table 7
Reservoir Job Alternatives
|
No |
Code |
Job description |
|
1 |
C1 |
GIP pipe
dia. 2.5" |
|
2 |
C2 |
HDPE
pipe dia. 2.5" |
|
3 |
C3 |
PVC pipe
AW dia. 2.5" |
Source: Analysis, 2022
The analysis phase, in selecting project
alternatives, is always related to determining the best of the available
alternatives.
Analysis
of the budget plan based on the design alternatives that have been determined.
Table 8
Recapitulation
of Alternative Design Budget Plans
|
No |
Code |
Job description |
Price Friday (Rp.) |
Cost Savings (Rp.) |
|
|
I |
A |
Abundant Work |
|
|
|
|
1 |
A1 |
Stone Pair 1PC :
4PP |
5,693,832,457.09 |
- |
|
|
2 |
A2 |
K225 Reinforced Concrete &
Fitting. Stone 1PC : 4PP |
5,581,351,755.23 |
112,480,701.86 |
|
|
3 |
A3 |
K225 Reinforced Concrete &
Cyclops Concrete |
5,497,207,098.27 |
196,625,358.82 |
|
|
II |
B |
Gate Valve Homework |
|
|
|
|
1 |
B1 |
Stone Pair 1PC :
4PP |
2,183,572,627.64 |
- |
|
|
2 |
B2 |
Rebate & Fitting Concrete. Stone
1PC : 4PP |
1,693,046,869.78 |
490,525,757.86 |
|
|
3 |
B3 |
Rebate Concrete & U-Ditch 30 x 30 |
1,541,912,231.04 |
641,660,396.60 |
|
|
III |
C |
Reservoir Work |
|
|
|
|
1 |
C1 |
GIP pipe dia. 2.5" |
1,491,079,673.45 |
- |
|
|
2 |
C2 |
HDPE pipe dia. 2.5" |
705,202,725.22 |
785,876,948.23 |
|
|
3 |
C3 |
PVC pipe AW dia. 2.5" |
646,791,241.29 |
844,288,432.16 |
Source:
Analysis, 2022
Alternative Determination
Feasibility Analysis
Next is the development stage of the analysis results from the previous
stage. To select the best alternative using the zero-one method to find the weight of the
proposed criteria according to the results of the feasibility analysis. The
criteria in the feasibility analysis are as follows:
I.
Plan
Budget ����� 0 = Expensive 10 = Inexpensive
II.
Job
Implementation Time ������� 0 = Long ������������������� 10 = Fast
III.
Material
Availability ��������������� 0 = Difficult
�������������� 10 = Easy
IV.
Design
Technical �������������������� 0 = Not
Compliant ���� 10 =
Safe
V.
Function
Effectiveness ������������ 0 = Ineffective
���������� 10 = Effective
VI.
Work
Execution Method ��������� 0 = Complicated
������� 10 = Simple
VII.
Human
Resources ������������������� 0 = Many ������������������ 10 = Few
VIII.
Supervision
of Implementation 0 = Strict ������� ����������� 10 = Normal
Table 9
Results of the Overflow Job Feasibility
Analysis
Source:
Analysis, 2022
Table 10
Gate Valve Homework
Source : Analysis, 2022
Table 11
Reservoir Job
Feasibility Analysis Results
Source : Analysis, 2022
Table 12
Zero - One Method
Criteria Weight
Source: Analysis, 2022
Table 13
Criteria weight recapitulation
|
NO |
CRITERIA |
CODE |
RATING |
WEIGHT |
|
1 |
Budget plan |
I |
1 |
25.00% |
|
2 |
Design Technical |
IV |
2 |
21.43% |
|
3 |
Time of execution of work |
II |
3 |
17.86% |
|
4 |
Work Implementation Methods |
VI |
4 |
14.29% |
|
5 |
Human Resources |
VII |
5 |
10.71% |
|
6 |
Implementation Supervision |
VIII |
6 |
7.14% |
|
7 |
Function Effectiveness |
V |
7 |
3.57% |
|
8 |
Availability of Materials |
III |
8 |
0.00% |
Source:
Analysis, 2022
After obtaining the weight values of all
the alternative criteria used, the final weighting is carried out with an
evaluation matrix. Part of this method is to find out the priority value of an
item that is presented by evaluating alternatives for each type of work.
Table 14
Overflow Job Alternative
Evaluation Matrix
Source: Analysis, 2022
Table 15
Gate Valve Work
Alternative Evaluation Matrix
Table 16
Reservoir Job
Alternative Evaluation Matrix
Source:
Analysis, 2022
The final stage of the value engineering
process, which consists of preparing and presenting the conclusions of the
value engineering analysis results. Reports prioritize facts and information to
support arguments. The results of the analysis of the application of value
engineering determined the type of work on the construction of the
reservoir that could be value engineered, including:
1. Overflow work, the initial design is in the form of
masonry work items 1PC: 4PP with alternative designs chosen to be K-225
Reinforced Concrete and Cyclop
Concrete (A3), from an initial design fee of Rp. 5,693,832,457.09 after
engineering the value of the cost to Rp. 5,497,207,098.27 there is a cost
savings of Rp. 196,625,358.82 or 3.45%.
2.
Gate
Valve Homework, the initial design is in the form of
masonry work items 1PC: 4PP with alternative designs chosen to be Rebate
Concrete and U-Ditch 30 x 30 (B3), from an initial design fee of Rp.
2,183,572,627.64 after engineering the value of the cost to Rp.
1,541,912,231.04 there is a cost savings of Rp. 641,660,396.60 or 29.39%.
3.
Reservoir
work, the initial design was in the form of a 2.5
diameter GIP pipe work item with an alternative design chosen to be dia HDPE pipe. 2.5" (C2), from the initial design cost
of Rp. 1,491,079,673.45 after engineering the cost value to Rp. 705,202,725.22
there was a cost savings of Rp. 785,876,948.23 or 52.71 %.
So that the overall construction cost of
the initial design project is Rp. 17,557,422,182.35 after the application of value
engineering with the selected alternative designs amounted to
Rp.15,933,259,478.70. There is an overall saving in project construction costs
of IDR 1,624,162,703.65 or 9.25% of the entire initial design cost.
�Recapitulation of Construction Cost Savings
Source: Analysis, 2022
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the
application of value engineering in this study, the following conclusions
were obtained:
� The selected construction design alternatives are 3 (three) types of work,
1) Overflow Work with Reinforced Concrete K-225 and Cyclop Concrete (A3) work
items; 2) Gate Valve Homework with Rebate Concrete work items and U-Ditch 30 x
30 (B3); 3) Reservoir work with HDPE pipe work items dia. 2.5" (C2).
With the selected design
alternative there is a construction cost saving of Rp.1,624,162,703.65 or 9.25%
of the overall initial design cost .
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Copyright
holders:
Cornelius Umarwoko Daniarto, Wateno Oetomo, Esti Wulandari (2022)
First publication right:
Devotion - Journal of Research and Community Service
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