COMMUNITY
SATISFACTION ANALYSIS BASED ON PHYSICAL QUALITY OF GREEN OPEN SPACE IN TAKENGON
(CASE STUDY: TAMAN AMAN DIMOT)
Fakhry Perdana Koara, Amy Marisa,
Achmad Delianur Nasution
Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara,
Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
|
KEYWORDS community; community
satisfaction; green open space; urban area |
ABSTRACT The increasing number of human populations causes the density of
development that continues to occur. This is done to ensure that the
development carried out no longer damages’ nature. One of them is by creating
Green Open Space (RTH) or Green Open Space, especially in big cities. In
Takengon City, the government wants to make Takengon City a child-friendly
city, a healthy city, and a livable city. The purpose of this study is to
analyze the level of public satisfaction with Green Open Space in Taman Aman
Dimot. The type of research used in this study is descriptive research with
quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results of the study, among
others, are; (1) Park sociability aims to analyze supporting facilities that
support opportunities to socialize with two indicators, namely opportunities
to socialize and the environment, (2) comfort is one of the factors for city
parks to measure park visitor satisfaction, (3) park visitors, such as the
condition of facilities and the number of facilities and cleanliness of the
park are the reasons for visitors to be less comfortable, (4) maintenance of
park cleanliness is key in the management process park, (5) criteria that become the next
category, namely Park Infrastructure, facilities contained in the park such
as seating facilities, sports equipment, the condition of facilities and
other supporting facilities are very poor, and (6) the criteria for a
comfortable park according to visitors in general such as the cleanliness of
the park, the amount of vegetation (trees) and complete and well-maintained
facilities are the opinions of visitors to give the impression of comfort. |
INTRODUCTION
The
increasing number of human populations causes the density of development that
continues to occur. Researchers are beginning to promote sustainable and
environmentally friendly space and building designs. This is done to ensure
that the development carried out no longer damages’ nature. One of them is by
creating Green Open Space (RTH) or Green
Open Space, especially in big cities. In Takengon City, the government
wants to make Takengon City a child-friendly city, a healthy city, and a
livable city. This is proven by revitalizing several places, one of which is
Tugu Taman Aman Dimot.
The
government in Takengon City continues to make efforts to build good
infrastructure and development for its people. Development efforts that pay
attention to environmental aspects will affect the design in urban planning.
One form of government intervention in the management of urban areas is to
allocate resources fairly for spatial planning and urban areas (Rahmawati et al., 2022). The problem
that often occurs in cities in Indonesia, especially in Takengon City, is the
high population growth and urbanization which makes urban planning more
difficult to do, especially urban planning that supports environmental
conservation.
Public
open spaces are generally used by the community as a place to socialize and do
other activities (Rahmi, 2002). There are several types of Green
Open Space for urban areas such as parks, urban forests, zoos, and fields.
Green Open Space is very important to be developed because in addition to being
able to be used for activities, Green Open Space also provides space for plant
vegetation. In addition, Open Space in
the city center is also used by the community to meet their needs for a place
to carry out socio-cultural, economic and political activities (Rambe et al., 2021).
Currently,
the Green Open Space that was built still needs to be reviewed again to
ascertain whether its utilization has been maximized for the community. One of
them is by knowing the community's satisfaction with the existence of the Green
Open Space. Community satisfaction is the overall attitude about goods or
services after they have been acquired or used (Indrasari, 2019). Indicators of
public satisfaction with goods and services were initiated by Zeithaml,
Parasuraman and Berry (1988) which stated
the dimensions of user satisfaction include tangibles (facilities), reliability
(quality of service), responsiveness
(responsibility), assurance (service behavior), and emphaty. The factor of comfort to get the level of visitor
satisfaction can be in the form of interaction between humans and the
environment (Siregar &; Kusuma, 2015).
Central Aceh is one of the regencies in Aceh
province with Takengon as the capital of the district. Specifically, this
district does not yet have a Detailed Spatial Design Qanun (RTDR) as a
regulation that is the legal umbrella for city development, even so, the
Takengon city government has built several public facilities in the form of
city parks that become green open spaces such as Taman Tugu Aman Dimot. Taman
Tugu Aman Dimot is located at point 0 of Takengon city, precisely on Jalan Lebe
Kader with an area of approximately 3,000 M2. In this park there is only a
monument surrounded by grass and children's play area.
According
to Nasution and Zahrah (2014)
explained that, quality public open space can make people stay longer with a
wider range of activities. The quality of public space is
seen from the functional and physical aspects related to the background and
user activities. These aspects are (1) accessibility
of public space related to distance, achievement to be entered, (2) natural
elements including parks and shelters that have a role in recreational and
relaxation activities, and (3) good public space must have facilities that can
support individual and community activities. In addition, there are
research references according to Kent and Madden (2003)
related
to PPS (Project for Public
Spaces) which is a nonprofit organization dedicated to creating and maintaining
the sustainability of public spaces, there are 4 factors that affect the
success of parks, namely accessibility, sociability, function and activity, and
park safety and comfort.
As a public green open
space, the park has several social functions such as a place to play and
exercise, a place for communication, a place for transition and waiting, and as
a place to get fresh air. In a city, the ideal level of a city can be said to
be successful in preserving green open space, the city must have 30% of the
city area as public open space. Therefore, the importance of open space for the community, this study will examine the
level of satisfaction of the people of Central Aceh with the design of green
open space built by the government. The results of this research can be a study
material for the Takengon City government in the development and further policy
making related to Taman Aman Dimot. The purpose of this study is to analyze
the level of public satisfaction with Green Open Space in Taman Aman Dimot.
RESEARCH METHOD
The
type of research used in this study is descriptive research with quantitative
and qualitative approaches (Sugiyono, 2011). The data processed in this study is
primary data obtained directly from questionnaires distributed to research
respondents. The research questionnaire used on the side of the statement to
measure the level of community satisfaction and measure the physical quality of
green open space. Meanwhile, a qualitative approach is used to describe the
Physical Quality of Green Open Space which is implemented through field
observation.
Data
collection techniques used in this study using Questionnaire and Observation.
While the analysis techniques are Descriptive analysisf and Improtance
Performance Analysys (IPA). Descriptive analysis is used to determine the
characteristics of visitors and their responses to the quality or physical
condition contained in Taman Aman Dimot. mquestionnaires
with resource persons were tabulated based on research variables. The statements
of the most powerful sources will be analyzed by interpreting the data
collected with theories obtained through literature review. Furthermore, Improtance
Perfomance Analysys (IPA) in the form of
measuring the level of importance and implementation of a service attribute in a company can use the Likert Scale which is used
to measure the importance of an attribute is very important, important, quite
important, not important, and very unimportant with scores of 5, 4, 3, 2, and
1. For the Likert Scale used in the
level of implementation or performance of an attribute in the company is
strongly agree, agree, quite agree, disagree, and strongly disagree with scores
of 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 (Rangkuti, 2003).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Test Results
Validity and reliability
Validity Test
This
validity test is used to measure the accuracy of an item in the research
questionnaire whether it is appropriate in measuring what you want to measure.
Validity testing was carried out on two parts of the questionnaire. The first
part is done at the level of importance and the second is to measure
performance. This tester is done by calculating the correlation between one
item and the overall item using the correlation formula (r). The calculation
result will be compared with the r value of the table with the price N = 139
and α = 5% 0.164 as a critical number (r table). The validity results can be
seen in table 1 below.
Table 1. Validity Test Results
|
Variable |
Importance |
Performance |
R table |
Information |
|
Socialbulity |
0,611 |
0,721 |
0,1648 |
Valid |
|
Visitor activity |
0,581 |
0,735 |
0,1648 |
Valid |
|
Accessibility |
0,609 |
0,731 |
0,1648 |
Valid |
|
Comfort |
0,697 |
0,797 |
0,1648 |
Valid |
|
Environmental conditions |
0,428 |
0,500 |
0,1648 |
Valid |
|
RTH Security |
0,439 |
0,710 |
0,1648 |
Valid |
|
Facility condition |
0,728 |
0,685 |
0,1648 |
Valid |
Reliability Test
Similar
to the previous test, in this test the questionnaire also includes two parts.
The first part is done at the level of importance and the second part
measures performance. The reliability index testing technique uses Cronbach
alpha coefficient with a real level of 5%. If the correlation coefficient α
> a critical value or if Cronbach's alpha >0.6 then the item is
declared reliable. Koefisen alpha < 0.6 indicates poor reliability (Table
2).
Table 2. Reliability Test Results
|
Reliability |
Cronbach Alpha |
Information |
|
Importance |
0,945 |
Reliable |
|
Performance |
0,935 |
Reliable |
The
calculation results were obtained with the value of the Cronbach alpha
coefficient for the perception data questionnaire on quality in the importance
section obtained a value of α = 0.945 and performance obtained a value
of α = 0.935.
The level of
public satisfaction with the physical quality of Taman Aman Dimot.
The
variables in this study are the physical quality of green open space consisting
of sociality, visitor activity, accessibility, and comfort. And variables on
satisfaction include environmental conditions, Green Open Space safety, and
Facility Conditions. The data of this variable is written in the form of a
questionnaire, where each question comes from each research instrument. The
description of each of these variables will be done by descriptive analysis.
The following are the results of a descriptive analysis of each variable on the
Green Open Space of Taman Aman Dimot Kota Takengon.
Sociality
One of
the keys to measuring the success of a Park is its social aspect, where
visitors can meet and interact with each other well. So that green open space
certainly facilitates interaction between humans and nature. Green open space
in its social function can reduce the level of community stress (Hussain &; Said, 2015). According to Robert (2017), stated that
green open space provides important recreational services for urban residents
with different cultures in visiting a place. Based on the results of the
questionnaire distribution (Table 3), respondents argue that the lack of
sociality such as comfort and ease of visitors for interaction has not been fully
met.
Table 3. Results of Respondents' Responses to
socialbility in Green Open Space Taman Aman Dimot
|
No. |
Statement |
Performance |
Interests |
Total Score |
|
Average rating |
Average rating |
|||
|
1 |
The availability of a pavilion
area or seating area for socializing activities. |
3,48 |
4,26 |
-0,78 |
|
2 |
Visitors who come to the Park
feel comfortable and detached from the setres. |
3,63 |
4,59 |
-0,96 |
|
3 |
The adequacy of the number of
Park chairs with the needs of visitors has been met |
3,03 |
4,43 |
-1,40 |
|
4 |
Park facilities are in
accordance with eligibility standards. |
3,12 |
4,56 |
-1,44 |
Based
on the table above, there is a performance statement of the availability of
facilities to support the needs of visitors to carry out social interaction.
From the questionnaire data, there was an average score of respondents who
stated the level of performance on the availability of pavilions and seats of
3.48. While the level of importance of the availability of pavilions or seating
areas is as much as 4.26. This shows that the level of performance is lower
than the level of importance so that the availability of seating areas is very
important and needs more attention, so that visitor satisfaction to socialize
with people around them is more satisfied.
A city
park will be a means of forming the character of urban communities, where it is
necessary to increase people's comfort in using parks to interact and activate
each other (Reza, 2020). This can be seen from the questionnaire data of 139
respondents, there is an average performance value which states that visitors
who come to the park can eliminate stress and comfort as much as 3.63. As for
the level of importance, there is an average value of 4.59 which states it is
very important to maintain the comfort of the Park so that visitors really feel
comfortable and release the setres, this can be seen from the level of
performance that is lower than the level of importance.
In
Taman Aman Dimot Takengon City, it can be seen that there is still a lack of
facilities that accommodate people to interact with humans. It can be seen that
the limited seating and conditions are very unsuitable for use by visitors.
There were 3.03 average scores of respondents' performance on the adequacy of
the number of benches in the park lower than the importance level of 4.43. So the importance of this statement states very important.
This shows that the availability of seats in Taman Aman Dimot must be available
so that visitors who come feel satisfied and no longer sit on the grass.
In
addition, the feasibility of facilities for relaxing and socializing from the
results of the questionnaire was 3.12, the average value of performance from
respondents was lower, while the average value of the importance of this
statement stated importance as much as 4.56 higher than performance. From the
results, it can be seen that the level of importance is higher than the level
of performance, because the facilities in Taman Aman Dimot are not in
accordance with feasibility standards. So that the feasibility of facilities in
accordance with standards is very important and needs to be maintained. This is
because the limitations and minimal condition of the benches make visitors who
come always spend their time chatting and relaxing by sitting on the grass. As
well as several benches provided by traders for their buyers.
Visitor Activity
One of
the physical forms of green open space that can be a pull factor for people to
visit is the existence of activities that can be done together (Zahrah et al., 2014). Activities can
be divided into two, namely active activities and passive activities, where
active activity is an activity carried out by a person or group by moving
actively in open space. While passive activities are activities carried out by
a person or group in a public open space without much space, namely sitting.
This activity is related to the community's need for istirhat (Sembiring, 2005). Based on Table 4, visitor activity in Taman Aman
Dimot is in the good category. This shows that visitors are easy and free to do
activities.
Table 4. Results of Respondents' Responses to Visitor
Activities in Green Open Space Taman Aman Dimot
|
No. |
Statement |
Performance |
Interests |
Total Score |
|
Average rating |
Average rating |
|||
|
1 |
Visitors can easily carry out
various activities within the Park. |
3,56 |
4,30 |
-0,74 |
|
2 |
Freedom of activity using
space and facilities, and free from interference is very low. |
3,57 |
4,44 |
-0,87 |
|
3 |
The condition of children's
play facilities is very good and not dangerous. |
3,14 |
4,54 |
-1,40 |
One of
the attractions for the community to visit Taman Aman Dimot, with activities.
The activities carried out by the visitors are more passive activities. Based
on table 4 of the average value of performance and importance of statements
related to the ease and freedom of the community in carrying out activities,
there is an average performance value of 3.56 lower than the importance level
of 4.30, so that the level of satisfaction is reduced to -0.74. This shows that
the importance of the ease and freedom of visitors to carry out activities
within the park is very important. In a safe park, visitors can freely carry
out activities even though the limited supporting facilities of the park
Taman Aman Dimot in Takengon City as a beautiful public space both from
outside and inside, is expected to be a medium to carry out many activities,
one of which is to foster socio-cultural creativity and express art for its
visitors. However, the fact shows that on working days and hours both in the morning,
afternoon and evening, visitor activities in Taman Aman Dimot tend to be
passive, such as just sitting around the park.
Facilities
that support visitor activities are very minimal and not good for children to
use. Based on the statement from the questionnaire, there was an average score
of 3.57 performance levels and 4.44 respondents. This indicates that the level
of performance is lower than the level of importance, so the level of visitor
satisfaction becomes less. This is because children's play facilities are not
good and dangerous. Therefore, the level of importance of the statement which
shows that play facilities for children must be safe and suitable for use by
children is very important and needed.
The Central Aceh District Relevant Office should continue to carry out a
series of activities like this in a sustainable manner, because it can
indirectly involve community participation in maintaining the existence of city
parks as public spaces. Moreover, judging from the geographical location, Taman
Aman Dimot is very strategic, so this park has the potential to be used as a
place to hold a series of positive events that can bring public interest in
carrying out activities and creativity which in the end the existence of the
park is always maintained a positive and productive image. In addition,
physical activity begins to appear usually on every Sunday morning, such as
there are jogging activities that
are generally carried out by residents living around the Aman Dimot park in
Takengon City. Especially outside the park, there are many street vendors who
colonize various foods, so this park is a gathering place for young
connoisseurs of snacks.
Accessibility
Green
Open Space is a space that can be accessed by all groups without any background
restrictions, both individually and in groups (Septilia, 2018). Accessibility is included in one measure of comfort
or ease to reach a location in interaction with land use through a
transportation network system. Based on the results of the questionnaire on the
accessibility of Taman Aman Dimot for pedestrians and people with disabilities,
park users are good but not access for visitors' vehicles. This can be seen in
table 5 below.
Table 5. Results of Respondents' Responses to
Accessibility in Green Open Space Taman Aman Dimot
|
No. |
Statement |
Performance |
Interests |
Total Score |
|
Average rating |
Average rating |
|||
|
1 |
The quality level of the
walking paths in the park is very good. |
3,64 |
4,62 |
-0,98 |
|
2 |
The Vehicle Parking Area is
well arranged. |
2,95 |
4,53 |
-1,58 |
|
3 |
In the park has provided a
special path for people with disabilities. |
3,10 |
4,46 |
-1,36 |
|
4 |
The level of garden lighting
at night has been met |
3,13 |
4,64 |
-1,51 |
Based on the table above against
the performance statement of the Quality level of Pedestrian paths in the park
Most of the problems are no problem. From the results of the data, the average
value performance was 3.64, while the importance level was 4.62 from the number
of respondents. This shows that the importance of the quality of the walking
trails in the park is higher than the level of performance. So that the level
of quality of the pedestrian path in Taman Aman Dimot is very important and
maintained. In addition, accessibility in this park area is focused on the
condition of existing infrastructure facilities such as pedestrians
(footpaths). These facilities are identified related to conditions and
surveillance, so that park users are easy to enter the park and are free to
carry out activities within the park.
Accessibility
in the park is not only for non-disabled visitors, but also accessible for
people with disabilities. From the results of the distribution of
questionnaires to the statement of park performance has provided a special path
for people with disabilities, from the results of the data there is an average
value of performance level of 3.10 while the average value of the importance
level is 4.46. From the results, it can
be seen that the level of importance is greater than the level of performance,
so that visitor satisfaction has decreased. This is because the park has not
provided a special path for people with disabilities in the area in the park.
Disability paths are only available on the outside around Taman Aman Dimot,
more precisely located on pedestrian roads.
According
to Septilli a (2018), explained that
the availability of adequate parking space must also be considered so as to
create a comfortable atmosphere for park visitors. The existence of indirect
parking lots can also form a zoning that limits the circulation of visitors and
vehicles that will provide a good visiting experience.
For the
performance statement on the vehicle parking area has been arranged, most
respondents gave responses that did not agree with the average value of the
performance level of 2.95. This shows that the vehicle parking area has not
been arranged properly. As for the importance of the vehicle parking area, most
respondents stated very important as much as 4.53 of the average score. This
shows that the arrangement of vehicle parking areas in Taman Aman Dimot is very
much needed.
Comfort
A city
park that is also a means of forming the character of urban communities, it is
necessary to increase the comfort of the community in using parks as a means of
interaction and activity (Siregar &; Kusuma, 2015). The results
of the data manager on the performance of comfort in the Green Open Space of
Taman Aman Dimot based on questionnaires that have been distributed, based on
the indicators there are several indicators such as park quality, park
conditions, park cleanliness, waste problems and the availability of trash cans
that are not very good. Discussion of garden comfort performance can be seen in
table 6 below.
Table 6. Results of Respondents' Responses to Comfort
in Green Open Space Taman Aman Dimot
|
No. |
Statement |
Performance |
Interests |
Total Score |
|
Average rating |
Average rating |
|||
|
1 |
Good quality of the park makes
visitors feel comfortable and at home visiting |
3,56 |
4,56 |
-1 |
|
2 |
Garden cleanliness is
important in park design. |
3,33 |
4,66 |
-1,33 |
|
3 |
The condition of Taman Aman
Dimot is very neat and well arranged. |
3,31 |
4,55 |
-1,24 |
|
4 |
The problem of litter is
important for the quality of the park. |
3,22 |
4,58 |
-1,63 |
|
5 |
The trash can in Taman Aman
Dimot is well available. |
3,18 |
4,56 |
-1,38 |
One of
the qualities of the park that green open space needs to have is comfort, so
that it can bring people to visit (Aulia, 2019). From the
results of the questionnaire to the statement of good park quality performance
makes visitors feel comfortable and at home visiting, From the results of the
average value of the performance level entered into the category of good park
quality with an average value of 3.56. But the average score for importance is
higher than the performance level with an average score of 4.56. Thus reducing the level of visitor satisfaction (total score
-1). This shows that the quality of the park is safe and falls into the good
category, so it is comfortable to visit. However, the quality of the dimot safe
garden is very important to need to be considered or cared for again.
For the
statement of the condition of Taman Aman Dimot is very neat and well organized,
it has an average value of poor performance level with a total value of 3.31.This shows that the condition of the park is not neat and
not well arranged. As for the importance of the park condition statement, all
respondents stated that it was important as much as 4.55. From this it can be
clearly seen that the condition of the park is very important to pay attention
to and needs to be arranged again because there is still a lot of garbage
everywhere so that visitor satisfaction increases.
Performance
measurement on the cleanliness of Taman Aman Dimot from the results of
questionnaires distributed, received an unfavorable assessment. From the
average value of performance level, there were 3.33 average values. This shows
the condition of the park where there is still a lot of garbage scattered
around. While the importance of park cleanliness, all respondents stated very
important as much as 4.66. In the Aman Dimot park for park cleanliness is not
very good, especially if on weekends or festival events make visitors who come
more crowded again so that there is a lot of garbage accumulation around the
park. This shows that cleanliness in the park is very important and needs to be
maintained.
Then
for a statement on the problem of waste in the park is safe dimot whether it is
in good condition, most respondents expressed disagreement with an average
score of 3.22 and an average value of 4.58 higher than their performance level.
From the results of the respondents obtained, it can be clearly seen that the
problem of garbage in Taman Aman Dimot is very important and needs to be kept
clean. The condition of the poorly maintained park can be seen from damage to
facilities and garbage scattered in the park area. The accumulation of garbage
that occurs in the park makes visitors feel uncomfortable because their picnic
spot is adjacent to the garbage.
Measurement
of the level of performance in the condition of the trash can gets a very bad
assessment. From the results of respondents to the statement that the trash can
in Taman Aman Dimot is well available or not, there is an average value of 3.18
lower than the importance level with an average value of 4.56, which causes the
level of visitor satisfaction to decrease.
This is because the condition of the trash can is too small and limited
so it cannot accommodate the amount of waste. So it is
important to maintain and provide a decent trash can along with the number of
trash can needs. Maintenance is an important aspect in creating a comfortable
green open space, because with maintenance it will be able to maintain
facilities in good condition.
Environmental Conditions
Environmental conditions are directly or indirectly related to the
existence of RTH ecologically. This condition can also economically reduce the
level of productivity, and reduce the level of health and life expectancy of
the community (Dwiyanto, 2009). In this case, there are several statements stating that the environmental
conditions at Tugu Taman Aman Dimoot are not good. This can be seen in table 7.
Table 7. Results of Respondents' Responses to
Environmental Conditions in Green Open Space Taman Aman Dimot
|
No. |
Statement |
Performance |
Interests |
Total Score |
|
Average rating |
Average rating |
|||
|
1 |
The noise level in the Park is
very low |
3,15 |
3,39 |
-0,24 |
|
2 |
Excellent garden cleanliness |
3,34 |
4,64 |
-1,3 |
|
3 |
The atmosphere of the park is safe,
beautiful, cool and beautiful. |
4,56 |
3,42 |
1,14 |
|
4 |
The beauty of the Park is very
important in the design of the Park |
3,48 |
4,64 |
-1,16 |
|
5 |
Noise problems are important
in the design of the Park. |
4,24 |
4,30 |
-0,06 |
The
noise factor is one that can interfere with comfort. For this reason, the way
that can be done is to plant plants with a tight thickness pattern (Reza, 2020). Based on table 7, the performance statement related to noise issues is important
in park design, most respondents agreed with the average value of the
performance level of 4.24 and the importance level was not too much different
from the level of performance with an average value of importance of 4.30. This
shows that the park is safe in its design to think about noise problems. So the noise level in Taman Aman Dimot is very low. This is
based on the results of the distribution of questionnaires that agree that
dimot safe parks have low noise levels.
Cleanliness
is a factor in the attractiveness of a location, this is because something
clean will have an impact on comfort in a place (Reza, 2020). To fulfill
this, it is necessary to provide a trash can as an element of the park. For the
statement of very good park cleanliness, some respondents expressed less
approval of park cleanliness, this was based on data from the average
performance value of 3.34 while the average value of importance was higher at
4.64. With the high level of importance, it shows that cleanliness in Taman
Aman Dimot is not good cleanliness and is very important and needs to be
maintained to clean the park so that visitors who come feel satisfied and
comfortable.
Beauty
can be seen from form and expression, where the beauty of a form involves
consideration of a form that concerns order, unity, proportion and scale (Hakim et al., 2019). Based on the
statement of performance on the beauty of the park is very important in the
design of the safe park dimot, data was obtained with an average value of
performance of 3.48 while the average value of the importance level amounted to
4.64, so that the results of visitor satisfaction were obtained as much as
-1.16 which can be interpreted that visitor satisfaction is reduced towards the
beauty of the safe park dimot. This shows that beauty can be obtained in terms
of shape, color and composition of pavement elements, and beauty is included in
one of the comforts so as to bring visitors.
Another
thing about aesthetics, including one of the roles in city parks is to make the
face of a city more beautiful, beautiful and attractive. Stating that
aesthetics has an important role to meet users with the quality of a place
(Marisa, 2018). From the results of the questionnaire data, there was an
average score of 4.56 performance levels who agreed with the beautiful, cool,
and beautiful performance statement of Taman Aman Dimot. Then the importance of
the statement of 3.42 says important. However, the high value of performance
rather than the level of importance makes the value of visitor satisfaction
increase. This shows that Taman Aman Dimot has a beautiful and cool garden
atmosphere and is very important to be maintained and cared for. Green trees
and grasses will affect the mental health of the city community because it
provides a friendly and comfortable place to gather, do activities, and other
recreational activities.
Green Open
Space Security
In open
spaces, physical space must be able to create a sense of comfort and security
obtained from the existence of artificial physical facilities, a feeling of
calm obtained from the presence of natural elements such as trees and water
elements (Rambe et al., 2021). A sense of security and comfort is the most important
benchmark for visitors to visit a place (Sugiyanto &; Sitohang, 2017).
Taman Aman Dimot Security is free from crime even though the security system in
the park has not been met, this can be seen in table 8.
Table 8. Results of Respondents' Responses to Safety in
Green Open Space Taman Aman Dimot
|
No. |
Statement |
Performance |
Interests |
Total Score |
|
Average rating |
Average rating |
|||
|
1 |
Taman Aman Dimot is free from
crime / crime. |
3,62 |
4,60 |
-0,98 |
|
2 |
No vandalism / damage to the
Park. |
3,10 |
4,60 |
-1,5 |
|
3 |
Crime issues are very
important for the comfort of Park users. |
4,32 |
4,53 |
-0,21 |
|
4 |
The Park Security System has
been fulfilled. |
3,26 |
4,47 |
-1,21 |
Based
on Table 8 above regarding the performance statement of crime problems
including things that are very important for the comfort of Park users, most
respondents agreed from the average score obtained from the performance level
of 4.32 while the importance level of 4.53 was slightly higher than the
performance level with a difference of -0.21 which means that visitor
satisfaction is still satisfied. This shows that the problem of crime is
related to the comfort and safety of visitors and needs to be guarded and
considered. So that Taman Aman Dimot is free from crime / crime, this can be
seen from the questionnaire day as much as 3.62 of the average value of the
performance level while the importance level is 4.60. This shows that security
is important because it can interfere and hinder the activities carried out.
For
performance statements related to No vandalism / damage to the Park has an
average value of 3.10 while the average value of the importance level amounts
to 4.60. It can be seen from the data that the level of importance is higher
than the level of performance. So it has a less
satisfaction level (-1.50 total score value). This shows that there is damage
to Taman Aman Dimot facilities, especially in children's play areas that are
not suitable for use. So as to reduce the level of community satisfaction to
come bring their children to play in the park. Then it needs to be considered
and treated so that the damage does not drag on for long.
Then a
sense of security becomes very important for visitors to come to a place
including Taman Aman Dimot Kota Takengon, because from that sense of security
will determine the level of frequency of their visits to the park. In the
research study, the security system in the park has not been fulfilled. This is
based on data from questionnaires distributed as many as 139 questionnaires. In
the performance statement on the security system that has been met in the park,
the average respondent said it has not been met (3.26 average performance
scores) and the importance of the statement was 4.47 average values from
respondents said important. So that community satisfaction is reduced (-1.21)
because the level of importance is higher than the level of performance. This
shows that the security system is very important so that visitors who come feel
at home.
Facility
Conditions
The
condition of the facility in question is the level of maintenance of the
facility, and the durability of the facility elements in the park. This is done
to ensure the condition of the facility to remain in good condition. It is also
an indicator related to the aesthetic value of urban parks. In Taman Aman Dimot
in Takengon City, the facilities are not good and limited. The condition of the
facilities for the Aman Dimot park, there are several indicators discussed,
namely the park elements present a beautiful and comfortable impression, park
facilities really need attention, and the condition of the facilities in the
park is not good and important to maintain. This can be seen in the following table
9.
|
No. |
Statement |
Performance |
Interests |
Total Score |
|
Average rating |
Average rating |
|||
|
1 |
Garden elements include
important elements to bring a beautiful, comfortable and beautiful impression
to the garden. |
4,51 |
4,55 |
-0,04 |
|
2 |
Park facilities are
indispensable in a park design. |
4,26 |
4,45 |
-0,19 |
|
3 |
The condition of the
facilities in the Park is not good and important to maintain. |
3,46 |
4,56 |
-1,1 |
Physical elements affect the
activity that occurs by adjusting existing conditions. These physical elements
will make a space can be enjoyed both from inside and outside, including
natural and artificial elements (Nasution and Zahrah 2014). Based on Table 9 on
the statement of performance on garden elements including important elements to
bring a beautiful, comfortable and beautiful impression to the garden, most
respondents agreed that garden elements are very necessary. From the data
obtained, there is an average value of 4.51 performance level while the
importance level has a value of 4.55. The result of the value obtained has a
total score with a difference of -0.04. This shows that the garden elements in
Takengon City Dimon Safe Park have presented a beautiful and comfortable
impression. Then the physical element in the study is very important and needs
to be considered again in order to present a beautiful and comfortable
impression. According to Thompson and Travlou (2007), argue that
well-planned physical elements can help visitors in relaxation and recreative
activities, especially for children.
Facilities
strongly support public open spaces including space furniture that is able to
accommodate the needs and individual visitors both individuals and groups that
support tourism activities (Nasution and Zahrah 2014). For statements on park
facilities are indispensable, most state seven with an average performance
level value of 4.26 while the importance level of 4.45 is higher than the
performance score. This shows that the availability of facilities in the park
is very lacking. There is only a park with a few chairs, and children's play
facilities only have swings that are not in good condition.
The
available facilities can affect the usefulness and physical activity that takes
place in it, in other words, visitors are more interested in spaces that have
their own character (Septilia, 2018). In Taman Aman Dimot, the performance statement of the condition of facilities in the park is not
good and important to maintain, from the results
there is a performance value of 3.46 while the importance level is 4.56. So,
the satisfaction level is reduced to -1.1. This is because the park does not
have facilities in general that are in accordance with park standards. In the
park there are only a few children's games that have been damaged.
Summary of Visitor Satisfaction of Taman Aman Dimot
The overall visitor satisfaction score of each statement can be summed up
as follows:
Table 10. Visitor satisfaction score
|
No. |
Statement |
Performance |
Interests |
Satisfaction Score |
|
Average rating |
Average rating |
|||
|
1 |
The availability of a pavilion
area or seating area for socializing activities. |
3,48 |
4,26 |
-0,78 |
|
2 |
Visitors who come to the Park
feel comfortable and detached from the setres. |
3,63 |
4,59 |
-0,96 |
|
3 |
The adequacy of the number of
Park chairs with the needs of visitors has been met |
3,03 |
4,43 |
-1,40 |
|
4 |
Park facilities are in
accordance with eligibility standards. |
3,12 |
4,56 |
-1,44 |
|
5 |
Visitors can easily carry out
various activities within the Park. |
3,56 |
4,30 |
-0,74 |
|
6 |
Freedom of activity using
space and facilities, and free from interference is very low. |
3,57 |
4,44 |
-0,87 |
|
7 |
The condition of children's
play facilities is very good and not dangerous. |
3,14 |
4,54 |
-1,40 |
|
8 |
The quality level of the
walking paths in the park is very good. |
3,64 |
4,62 |
-0,98 |
|
9 |
The Vehicle Parking Area is
well arranged. |
2,95 |
4,53 |
-1,58 |
|
10 |
In the park has provided a
special path for people with disabilities. |
3,10 |
4,46 |
-1,36 |
|
11 |
The level of garden lighting
at night has been met |
3,13 |
4,64 |
-1,51 |
|
12 |
Good quality of the park makes
visitors feel comfortable and at home visiting |
3,56 |
4,56 |
-1 |
|
13 |
Garden cleanliness is
important in park design. |
3,33 |
4,66 |
-1,33 |
|
14 |
The condition of Taman Aman
Dimot is very neat and well arranged. |
3,31 |
4,55 |
-1,24 |
|
15 |
The problem of litter is important
for the quality of the park. |
3,22 |
4,58 |
-3,15 |
|
16 |
The trash can in Taman Aman
Dimot is well available. |
3,18 |
4,56 |
-1,38 |
|
17 |
The noise level in the Park is
very low |
3,15 |
3,39 |
-0,24 |
|
18 |
Excellent garden cleanliness |
3,34 |
4,64 |
-1,3 |
|
19 |
The atmosphere of the park is
safe, beautiful, cool and beautiful. |
4,56 |
3,42 |
1,14 |
|
20 |
The beauty of the Park is very
important in the design of the Park |
3,48 |
4,64 |
-1,16 |
|
21 |
Noise problems are important
in the design of the Park. |
4,24 |
4,30 |
-0,06 |
|
22 |
Taman Aman Dimot is free from
crime / crime. |
3,62 |
4,60 |
-0,98 |
|
23 |
No vandalism / damage to the
Park. |
3,10 |
4,60 |
-1,5 |
|
24 |
The problem of Criminality is
very important for comfort |
4,32 |
4,53 |
-0,21 |
|
25 |
The Park Security System has
been fulfilled. |
3,26 |
4,47 |
-1,21 |
|
26 |
Garden elements include
important elements to bring a beautiful, comfortable and beautiful impression
to the garden. |
4,51 |
4,55 |
-0,04 |
|
27 |
Park facilities are
indispensable in a park design. |
4,26 |
4,45 |
-0,19 |
|
28 |
The condition of the
facilities in the Park is not good and important to maintain. |
3,46 |
4,56 |
-1,1 |
|
|
Total
Average Value |
3,50 |
4,44 |
-1,04 |
From the results of the performance level, there are three highest
attributes of the performance level according to respondents are attribute
number 19, namely the atmosphere of the park is safe, dimot beautiful, cool and
beautiful (4.56), number 26 namely garden elements including
important elements to bring a beautiful, comfortable and beautiful impression
to the park (4.51), and number 24 namely the problem of crime is very important
for comfort (4.32). Attributes that are high performance levels for visitors
are related to the atmosphere of the park. The atmosphere of the park really
needs to be maintained and cared for which will affect the mental health of the
people of the city. The second performance attribute is the garden element,
where the garden element is an important element to bring a beautiful,
comfortable and beautiful impression to the garden. This is in accordance with
previous research (Nasution and Zahrah 2014), which said that elements greatly
influence activity and will make a ruan that can be enjoyed. Then for the
problem of crime is ranked third, which means visitors also consider the safety
of the park.
The
three lowest Performance Attributes according to park users were Vehicle
Parking Area (2.95), Adequacy of Park seats to visitor needs (3.03), and
vandalism/damage to the Park (3.10). This means visitors do not consider the
vehicle parking area, the adequacy of the number of park seats and the damage
to the facilities in the park.
The
three attributes that have the highest level of importance number 13 are Garden
Cleanliness is important in Park design (4.66), number 11 is the Level of
Garden Lighting at night has been met (4.64), and number 20 is Garden Beauty is
very important in Park design (4.64). Attributes of the highest importance such
as cleanliness in the park, where the cleanliness of the park is the main
factor in visitor satisfaction in carrying out its activities. According to Reza (2020) said that cleanliness is an
attraction factor that has an impact on comfort in a place. The second
important attribute is that lighting in the garden at night is very important
to prevent negative activity. In the third attribute of importance related to
the beauty of the garden, where beauty can be obtained in terms of shape, color
and composition so as to bring visitors. This is in accordance with the
statement of previous research (Hakim, 2003), which said that beauty can be
seen from form and expression.
The
three lowest importance attributes according to respondents were number 17
related to very low noise levels in the park (3.39), number 19 namely the
atmosphere of the park (3.42), and number 1 namely the availability of a
pavilion area or seating area for socializing activities (4.26). People
consider these attributes not too important because there are many other
attributes that need to be considered again.
Based
on the results of the analysis that has been carried out, most attributes have
not met the expectations of Taman Aman Dimot users. This is indicated by some
attributes that still have negative values which
means that each of these attributes has not met the expectations of park users.
There is only one attribute that has a positive value which means that the
attribute has met the expectations of park visitors. From this data, further
analysis is needed to determine the priority scale of existing attributes.
Results of Importance Performance Analysis (IPA)
In the research on the level of community satisfaction using the Importance
Performance Analysis (IPA) method, which was conducted at Taman Aman Dimot
with 139 respondents, it will be able to see which attributes get the main
attention from the Takengon City Park. At the level of importance and performance
on each attribute is obtained by combining the X and Y coordinate axes, where
the X axis is the Performance level and the Y axis is the importance. From the
results of attribute mapping, we will get which attributes are contained in
quadrant 1 (Top Priority), quadrant 2 (Maintain Achievement), quadrant 3
(Excessive), and quadrant 4 (Low Priority).
The
results of mapping the average value of attributes can be seen in the cartesian
diagram below:
Figure 1. Cartesian Diagram of IPA Method Processing
Results
Based on the picture above, each quadrant can be explained as follows:
Quadrant
1 (Top Priority)
Quadrant A indicates attributes that affect visitor satisfaction whose
handling needs to be prioritized, because the existence of these attributes is
considered very important by visitors but the level of performance or
implementation is not satisfactory and not in accordance with visitor
expectations. The attributes included in this quadrant are:
Attribute
4: Park facilities are in accordance with eligibility standards.
Attribute
7: The condition of children's play facilities is very good and not dangerous.
Attribute
9: The Vehicle Parking Area is well organized.
Attribute
10: The park has provided a special path for people with disabilities.
Attribute
11: Garden Lighting Level at night has been met
Attribute
13: Garden cleanliness is important
Attribute
14: Safe Park Conditions Dimot is very neat and well organized.
Attribute
15: The litter problem is important to the quality of the garden.
Attribute
16: The trash cans in Taman Aman Dimot are well available.
Attribute
18: Excellent garden cleanliness
Attribute
20: Garden beauty is very important in garden design
Attribute
23: No vandalism/damage to the Park.
Attribute
25: Park Security System has been met.
Attribute
28: The condition of facilities in the Park is not good and important to
maintain.
Quadrant
1 shows attributes that affect visitor satisfaction whose handling needs to be
prioritized, because the existence of these attributes is considered very
important by visitors but the level of performance is not satisfactory and not
as expected. It turns out that visitors are more concerned and pay attention to
the physical indicators of Taman Aman Dimot, so that park managers such as
related agencies and third parties need to improve their performance again as
desired and expected by visitors.
Quadrant
2 (Keep Achievement)
The attributes in this quadrant show a high level of importance and
performance and are in accordance with what is expected according to
respondents. This attribute must be maintained because it is the flagship of
the services provided. The attributes included in this quadrant are:
Attribute
2: Visitors who come feel comfortable and regardless of setres.
Attribute
8: The quality level of the walking trails in the park is very good.
Attribute
12: Good garden quality makes visitors feel comfortable and at home.
Attribute
22: Taman Aman Dimot is free from crime.
Attribute
24: The problem of criminality is essential to comfort
Attribute
26: Garden elements are very important to bring a beautiful, comfortable and
beautiful impression to the garden.
Attribute
27: Park facilities are indispensable in a park design.
Based
on the results of the analysis of the attributes in quadrant 2 must be
maintained because it has the superiority of the services provided. The seven
attributes have a high level of importance and performance, so the management
must be able to maintain their achievements and then improve their performance
again in the future so that visitors feel comfortable, satisfied and give a
good view of Taman Aman Dimot.
Quadrant
3 (Excessive)
In this quadrant there are attributes that visitors consider less important
but overperform. The attributes included in this quadrant are:
Attribute
1: Availability of a pavilion area or seating area for socializing activities.
Attribute
3: The adequacy of the number of Park seats with the needs of visitors has
been met.
Attribute
17: The noise level in the park is very low.
The attributes above are less important according to
respondents, but based on the results of the analysis shows that the
performance of these attributes is considered good. This shows that service
satisfaction to visitors on attributes is still considered not effective enough
and there is still excessive performance.
Quadrant
4 (Low Priority)
Attributes in quadrant D are considered less important for visitors because
their influence on perceived benefits is not too great. The attributes included
in this quadrant are:
Attribute
5: Visitors can easily perform various activities within the Park.
Attribute
6: Freedom of activity using space and facilities, and freedom from
interference is very low.
Attribute
19: The atmosphere of the park is safe, beautiful, cool and beautiful.
Attribute 21: Noise issues are important in Park design.
These
attributes do not rule out the possibility of needing to improve their
performance so that visitors can be interested and satisfied with better
performance results.
Based on the results of the analysis in increasing visitor satisfaction,
there are three attributes that must be improved and considered by the Related
Office in Central Aceh Regency, such as the availability of facilities,
cleanliness and neatness of the park, and the condition of the park that is
maintained and maintained. According to Nasution and Zahrah, (2014) explained that, quality public open
space can make people stay longer with a wider range of activities. Otherwise,
public open space becomes useless and unsuccessful.
In
Taman Aman Dimot, the availability of facilities really needs to be added to
support visitor activities in the Park, such as providing sports facilities,
seating and others, all of which must be maintained and cared for. Then related
to the cleanliness and neatness of the park, the cleaning office can add trash
can facilities that can accommodate a lot of garbage from visitors in every
corner of the park. This is because green open spaces
include public spaces that must produce security, comfort, welfare, and beauty
for people in the urban area (Hariyanto &; Rangkuti, 2020).
CONCLUSION
There are several factors that affect the optimization of the function of
RTH as a public space in Taman Aman Dimot, namely park facilities that still
need to be added and improved, in addition to the lack of variety of
activities. From the results of the study, there are several things that make
conclusions, including; (1) pThere is a Sosiability Park aims to analyze
supporting facilities that support opportunities to socialize with two
indicators, namely opportunities to socialize and the environment. High-quality
open spaces can increase social interaction by attracting people to come.
Another thing is supported by facilities and infrastructure in the environment.
In the park, the interaction carried out by visitors is very good, but less
supported by the availability of seats, (2)
comfortis one of the factors for city parks to measure the satisfaction
of park visitors. Regarding how
comfortable visitors to Aman Dmot park are, the
author concludes that they park visitors feel quite comfortable in this park
because there are many shady trees that cause the impression of shade and cool
air in this park area. However, there are still some things that can
interfere with the comfort of n, (3) visit the Park, such as the condition of
the facilities and the number of facilities and
cleanliness of the park are the reasons visitors are less comfortable.
In addition, the park also does not have parking facilities that can
accommodate the number of vehicles of park visitors, (4) maintaining the cleanliness of the park is key in the park management
process. From the results of field observations obtained by researchers that
related to the cleanliness of the Aman Dimot park, there are not many trash
cans available. There are piles of garbage around the activities carried out by
park visitors, (5) the next category is Park Infrastructure, facilities contained
in the park such as seating facilities, sports equipment, the condition of
facilities and other supporting facilities is very poor. One of them is
children's play facilities that are not feasible and limited, and (6) comfortable park facilities according to visitors in general such as the cleanliness of
the park, the amount of vegetation (trees) and complete and well-maintained
facilities are the opinions of visitors to give the impression of comfort. In
Taman Aman Dimot, it is not in accordance with the opinions of park visitors.
REFERENCES
Aulia, W. (2019). Optimasi Kecukupan
Ruang Terbuka Hijau Melalui Perhitungan Potensi Rosot Karbon. IJEEM-Indonesian
Journal of Environmental Education and Management, 4(2), 107–122.
Dwiyanto,
A. (2009). Kuantitas dan Kualitas Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) di permukiman Kota.
Jurnal Nasional Arsitektur.
Hakim,
D. H., Barkey, R. A., & Wikantari, R. (2019). Daya Tarik Dan Daya Dorong
Perkembangan Wilayah Terhadap Persebaran Pemanfaatan Lahan Kota Sinjai
Kabupaten Sinjai. Seminar Nasional Geomatika, 3, 377–384.
Hariyanto,
M. R., & Rangkuti, A. F. (2020). Analisis Pengelolaan Kondisi Fisik Ruang
Terbuka Hijau Publik (RTHP) Di Kecamatan Umbulharjo. Jurnal Keperawatan Dan Kesehatan
Masyarakat Cendekia Utama, 9(3), 223–232.
Hussain,
S. Y. S., & Said, I. (2015). Knowledge integration between planning and
landscape architecture in contributing to a better open space. Procedia-Social
and Behavioral Sciences, 170, 545–556.
Indrasari,
M. (2019). Pemasaran Dan Kepuasan Pelanggan: pemasaran dan kepuasan
pelanggan. unitomo press.
Kent,
F., & Madden, K. (2003). Creating Great Urban Parks: Project of Public
Spaces. Places, 15(3).
Parasuraman,
A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. (1988). Servqual: A multiple-item scale
for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. 1988, 64(1),
12–40.
Rahmawati,
D., Kurnia, I., & Sadyohutomo, M. (2022). Integrasi ekonometri dalam
efektivitas perencanaan menuju penyediaan perumahan yang berkelanjutan. Journal
of Regional and Rural Development Planning (Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan
Wilayah Dan Perdesaan), 6(2), 136–145.
Rahmi,
D. H. (2002). Penyediaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Di Lingkungan Perumahan Di Yogyakarta
(the Provision of Green Open Space in Housing Complexes in Yogyakarta). Jurnal
Manusia Dan Lingkungan, 9(3), 101–114.
Rambe,
F. K., Nasution, A. D., & Pane, I. F. (2021). Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap
Perubahan Atribut Fisik Pada Lapangan Merdeka Medan. Jurnal Pengembangan
Kota, 9(1), 64–71.
Reza,
T. F. (2020). Kajian Kenyamanan Pengunjung Taman Jasdam Sebagai Ruang
Terbuka Hijau di Kota Medan. Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Robert,
A., & Yengué, J. L. (2017). When allotment gardens become urban green
spaces like others, providing cultural ecosystem services. Environment and
Ecology Research, 5(6), 453–460.
Sembiring,
E. (2005). Analisis Tentang Fungsi Ruang Terbuka Hijau, Studi Kasus Tanam
Ahmad Yani Medan. Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Septilia,
T. (2018). Kajian Kualitas Ruang Publik Sebagai Destinasi Wisata Ditinjau
Dari Persepsi Pengunjung (Studi Kasus: Pantai Cermin, Serdang Bedagai).
Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Siregar,
H. H., & Kusuma, H. E. (2015). Tingkat kenyamanan taman kota sebagai ruang
interaksi masyarakat perkotaan. Prosiding Temu Ilmiah IPLBI, 161–166.
Sugiyono.
(2011). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan: Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan
R&D. PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Thompson,
C. W., & Travlou, P. (2007). Open space: people space. Taylor &
Francis.
Zahrah,
W., Nasution, A. D., & Rahmadhani, N. (2014). Ruang Kota Yang (Tidak)
Mendidik: Persepsi dan Penggunaan Koridor Rumah Toko di Medan.
Copyright holders:
Fakhry Perdana Koara, Amy
Marisa, Achmad Delianur Nasution (2023)
First publication right:
Devotion - Journal of Research and Community
Service
This
article is licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International