ANALYSIS OF CONFLICT CONTROL IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF UNESCO GLOBAL GEOPARK AS SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN BELITUNG REGENCY
Savia Resa Salsabil, Yohanes Kristianto, Nyoman Ariana
Faculty of Tourism, Universitas Udayana, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
|
KEYWORDS Strategy; sustainable tourism; conflict |
ABSTRACT This study aims to discuss conflict
control analyze in sustainable tourism development in Belitung. The tourism
development analyze were obtained using a qualitative descriptive approach.
Data were collected through direct interviews with relevant stakeholders. The
results of the analysis revealed three main conflicts that underlie the
issues in sustainable tourism development, namely land disputes, partnership
miscommunication or lack of synchronization, and mining problems. These three
points give rise to various sub-issues and biased policies perceived by the
local community and tourism actors and managers in Belitung Regency. Based on
the findings, the researcher attempted to outline steps or strategies,
including in the aspect of people: (1) Having a mindset of change and
maturity, as well as concern for the next generation; (2) Willingness to
introspect based on received criticism, and (3) Openness to criticism and
suggestions. In the aspect of the planet: (1) Conducting education and
training for the local community to raise awareness of tourism in each
tourism destination. In the aspect of prosperity: (1) Establishing
standardized indicators for income, price regulations, and well-structured
business permits, accompanied by intensive supervision; (2) Supporting
sustainable essence of alternative MSME funds; (3) Establishing government
institutions to determine and regulate prices to remain competitive. In the
aspect of peace: (1) Firmness in regulating various policies and avoiding
overlapping. |
INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a country that has mineral resources spread
across various regions of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia,
including Riau, Central Kalimantan, West Java, Sumatra and the island of Bangka
Belitung. One of the mineral resource commodities, namely tin mining activities
which are quite common, where the largest tin producing area in Indonesia is
the Bangka Belitung Islands Province, based on data from the Indonesian Central
Bureau of Statistics in 2022 tin exports produced in the Bangka Belitung
Islands recorded a value 2 293 295 480.00 US$ so it is not wrong that tin is
one of the major foreign exchange which is the economic field of the people of
Bangka Belitung (BPS, 2023a). Tin mining in Bangka Belitung Islands Province
has been carried out for a long time by the community, even long before
Indonesia became independent.
Since Belitung was officially designated as a UNESCO
Global Geopark on April 23 2019, through an announcement made at the 204th
UNESCO Executive Board meeting in Paris, France. This designation recognizes
internationally the geological wealth and natural beauty of Belitung as well as
sustainable conservation efforts. This recognition is expected to encourage the
promotion of sustainable tourism in the region and have a positive economic and
social impact on the local community. As isthe concept of sustainable
development with princ iples of environmental preservation a conflict arises in
the development of alternative economic areas based on the concept of
sustainable areas in accordance with what Thomas (2019) did. already has a
decision that has permanent legal force, all of which are mining without a
permit carried out by the community. This conflict occurs because many illegal
miners enter protected forest areas and carry out mining activities without
permits or ignoring regulations set by the government. Besides that, there are
also individuals who take advantage of this illegal mining activity by
extorting miners. This illegal mining activity damages the environment and
disrupts existing tourism activities such as the Sengkelik River tourist area
Geosite Protected Forest Area Sijuk Village, Sijuk District, Open Pit Nam Salu
Kampong Gunong, Kelapa Kampit District and Peramun Hill, Sijuk District,
Belitung Regency.
This conflict has caused serious impacts on local
communities, such as increasingly severe environmental damage and loss of
natural resources that are the source of people's livelihoods such as changes
in the physical and chemical properties of the soil. These impacts include
disturbances to existing vegetation, animals and soil, as well as natural
ecosystems that cause soil erosion, biodiversity loss, reduced habitat for wild
animals, and degradation of the Persada water reservoir area (2018). This
creates a discrepancy where the purpose of sustainable tourism development in
accordance with Article 4 of the Tourism Law, namely tourism aims to preserve
nature, the environment and resources. Therefore, the idea of a tourism
development pattern that is able to protect the environment is needed in
accordance with sustainable principles as a more aesthetic and ethical tourist
attraction, in addition to high economic and commercial value but able to
improve the quality of socio-cultural values, integrity and identity,
broadening insight, friendship, nature conservation and improving environmental
quality Wibisono et al (2023). Therefore, qualified
human resources are needed and can preserve and manage tourism objects owned by
each city district, policies are also needed to attract investors to improve
tourism facilities and services that will be developed by Saputram et al (2019).
The tourism sector, especially with the concept of
sustainability, is an alternative sector solution that is growing rapidly in
many countries around the world. This rapid growth has had a positive impact on
the economic, employment and regional growth aspects. The concept of
sustainable tourism uses tourism development as an economic stimulator to
achieve growth while maintaining the natural environment in the preservation of
natural resources and cultural resources as tourism products. With good management
and a sustainable development strategy, Indonesian tourism can continue to grow
and provide broad benefits for the country and local communities. On the other
hand, being able to protect the environment because the Indonesian region is
supported by a wealth of natural resources, such as natural beauty, beaches and
biodiversity. , able to attract domestic and foreign tourists. Tourism growth
also encourages infrastructure improvements and investment both from within the
country and abroad. In addition, sustainable tourism also plays a role in
preserving nature and culture, with efforts to protect the environment and
preserve the cultural heritage of Widari (2020).
In the context of sustainable tourism, it is important to
develop effective conflict control strategies. Sustainable tourism aims to
minimize the negative impact of tourism on the environment, culture, and local
communities, while maximizing long-term economic benefits. In order to achieve
these goals, a deep understanding of the conflicts associated with sustainable
tourism development and how to manage them effectively is required. One of the
reasons for the importance of this research is because the impact of conflict
can threaten the sustainability of tourism. Uncontrolled conflict can lead to
social instability, environmental destruction, and a destination's bad
reputation. Therefore, appropriate efforts are needed to manage conflicts so
that tourism development can take place harmoniously and sustainably.
The existence of goals in tourism development turned out
to clash with the conflict in Belitung Regency. The emergence of conflicts that
hinder sustainable tourism development according to Bachry (2019) can result in a decrease
in the quality of life, exploitation of natural resources, loss of cultural
identity, and economic inequality between local communities and tourism
entrepreneurs. Tourism conflicts are often difficult to overcome due to
differences in interests and views between local communities and tourism
entrepreneurs and the government. Structures dominated by power relations lead
to conflict and inertia caused by alienation, and emphasize the need for
collaborative structures in tourism development. Therefore, a strategy is
needed in conflict control in tourism development that continues by involving
the participation of local communities, government, and tourism entrepreneurs
together to solve communication problems Alunaza et al (2022).
Communication is an important tool in conflict control
towards the development of sustainable tourism Alawiyah (2021) because tourism is
multidimensional and cross-sectoral. The involvement of all parties is needed
because tourism is not a stand-alone sector. According to Wirawan
and Semara
(2021) by establishing spatial
planning regulations, permits, licenses, accreditation, and legislation.
Government intervention on tourism development can be done by implementing
several policy instruments that can be used to control and provide incentives
in developing sustainable tourism, such as;
Land use regulations, limiting tourist access to areas prone to damage,
protecting local culture, directing environmentally sound tourist behavior,
limiting energy use, saving scarce natural resources, reducing pollution and
providing incentives for infrastructure development that is also beneficial to the
transportation system, and protection of urban green spaces.
In addition, tourism strategic management policies are
very important in tourism development as an effort to provide certainty to
tourists and the community related to tourism development, so as to maximize
tourism benefits to stakeholders and minimize negative effects, costs and other
conflict impacts to expand the tourism industry. The goal of sustainable
tourism development is to expand the tourism industry and improve the local
economy through increasing the number of tourists, developing tourism
infrastructure,
Based on the problems
above, the research objectives can be arranged as follows:
1) Identify conflicts that occur in tourism development
sustainable through control efforts in Belitung Regency.
2) Analyze deep conflict control strategies towards the
development of sustainable tourism in Belitung Regency.
RESEARCH
METHOD
Research design
This research is a
qualitative research using descriptive research, namely research that aims to
get suggestions about what to do to overcome certain problems according to the
circumstances or facts that exist. This is in line with this research which
aims to find answers to conflicts that occur between tourism development and
mining businesses without permits in Belitung Regency.
Data Collection Methods and
Techniques
The method used in this study is purposive sampling,
which is a method that is carried out with the intention of capturing as much
information as possible from various sources and constructs. Furthermore, the
data collection techniques used in this study are; (Fadli,
2021) observation, interview, and document analysis.
Data analysis technique
This study uses data analysis according toMiles and
Huberman. Because the purpose of the research is to describe in depth and
detail the pattern of analysisconflict control strategies for sustainable
tourism developmentjorangutans in Belitung, according to Miles and Huberman in (Sugiyono,
2018) suggests
that the activities in qualitative data analysis are carried out interactively
and take place continuously until complete, so that the data is saturated.
Activities in data analysis, namely data reduction, data display, and
conclusion/ verification.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results of Analysis and Discussion
Identification of Sustainable Tourism
Development Conflicts
Based on the results of interviews with the respondents,
it was found that several conflicts have colored the development of sustainable
tourism in Belitung. The following are the results of the respondents' exposure
to conflict findings:
Problems
with Mining
One of the obstacles faced and most commonly known in
Belitung is the problem of land disputes. This is in accordance with the
presentation of the results of interviews with Tourism Actors, namely Mr.
Muhammad Hafrian Fajar, Deputy Regent of Belitung, Mr. Isyak Meirobie, andThe
Head of the Tourism Office is Ms. Annyta. From the statement above it is known that in
Belitung Regency the most common and difficult problem to solve is the problem
with mining. With a total reserve of 800,000 tons, Indonesia has the second
highest tin content in the world after China, according to statistics from
Bappeda and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in 2020. The Bangka
Belitung Archipelago Province is the main tin producing area in Indonesia. In
Bangka Belitung, tin mining has a very long history. Tin mining has been going
on since the 17th century and has been regulated by several governments. Apart
from the ups and downs of the tin trade, it is difficult to separate tin from
the socio-economic conditions of the people of Belitung Regency.
Based on data from the Energy and Mineral Resources
Office of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province, there are 1,315 TIs in the
Mining Business License (IUP) area of PT. Timah Tbk in 2015, this amount does
not include TI outside the IUP of PT. Timah Tbk. Not surprisingly, the result
of tin mining has left thousands of hectares of ex-mining land in the form of
heaps of land and tailings sand mounds which are very poor in nutrients and
pits. Because in practice a site that has been excavated cannot be 100%
backfilled, so it is estimated that approximately 30 percent of the excavation
site will be in the form of a pit.
Belitung is a district with a diverse population in terms
of ethnicity, religion, education level, and occupation. This diversity is
caused by the expansion of non-traditional tin mining which attracts miners to
migrate. Several indigenous people and migrants who remained in this village
after PT. Timah, Tbk. stopped operating in the 1970s continued its mining
activities after Bangka Regent Decree No. 540.K/271/Tamben/2001 concerning
Granting of Mining Businesses for Management and Sales (Export), which is an
effort to legalize unconventional mining, is stipulated and issued.
The liberation of tin mining does provide benefits for
local revenues and improves the people's standard of living, but various
environmental damage impacts are unavoidable as well as the conflicts that
accompany land disputes and regulations in mining zones.
The secondary impact of the development of the tin mining
industry is a change in land use. Previously, Belitung produced pepper
products, but as the mining area increased, the pepper plantations turned into
mining areas. In addition, as the population increases, the demand for land for
the community also increases. Environmental conditions are influenced by
various demographic factors, not just population growth. The demographic
composition of a region can also be used to examine the relationship between
environmental and demographic issues, as well as land distribution issues in
the tourism industry.
Policy
and Regulatory Issues
With the existence of obstacles or problems of conflict
with the mining sector, of course it is related to policy and regulatory issues
in the implementation process. Where, according to a statement by the Deputy
Regent of Belitung, Isyak Meirobie explained his difficulties in policy firmness
and more using a tug-of-war of regulations. Furthermore, the dualism of
authority policies adds to the conflict that occurred in Belitung, this is in
accordance with the statement from the Head of the Belitung Regency Tourism
Office.
Policies related to tin
management in Belitung. The emergence of illegal tin mining or unconventional
mining (IT) is inseparable from the policies that regulate it. After the
regional reform and decentralization, the practice of tin mining in Bangka is
no longer controlled by the central government. When mining was still
controlled by the central government, only two companies had a monopoly on
mining in the area, namely PT. Timah, Tbk., and Kobatin. However, after the
management rights were handed over to the local government, the policies made
instead made tin an important resourceopen
access. The following are regulations that affect
the dynamics of tin mining in Belitung (Ahmad
et al., 2022).
Table 1. Tin Mining Policy in Belitung
|
Policy |
Policy
Content |
Implications |
|
UU. No. 11 of 1967 |
Concerning the basic provisions of mining. This law was
issued by the New Order government which was centralized. Tin mining is only
managed by the center. Even PT. Timah, Tbk uses military force to protect the
mining area. |
- There
was jealousy among the people in the regions, because the benefits of natural
resources were only enjoyed by the center and the Province of South Sumatra (at
that time Bangka Belitung was under the Province of South Sumatra). - Tin
mining is monopolized by two companies, PT. Timah, Tbk is owned by the state
and Kobatin is privately owned. |
|
Implementation of regional autonomy |
Regions
have the right to manage their own household affairs. |
- The
regional government urged the central government to own PT. Tin, tbk. - Demand
for the return of former mining areas. - Demand
for change of director of PT. Timah, Tbk, which at that time was held by a
Javanese, should be held by a local son. |
|
Minister of Industry and Trade No. 558/1998 |
About
General Provisions in the export sector which does not categorize tin as
goods whose exports are regulated and monitored. |
- Unconventional
mines (IT) are starting to emerge and are increasing every year. They carry
out mining without environmental procedures the good one. |
|
UU no. 22/1999 |
Whatever is not regulated by the central government,
the authority belongs to the regions through a mechanism decentralization. |
- Tin commodity is an item that
allows the region to manage it. |
|
UU. 6 of 2001 |
Concerning General Mining Management and concerning
Mining Business Licensing Procedures and Procedures. |
- Communities
mining freely. Communities may mine anywhere and anytime without limit. |
Source:
Based on observations from various literature, it is
explained that the granting of mining permits freely to the community was
caused by several factors, including a decrease in the price of pepper, while
the relatively high price of tin forced the community to change their
livelihoods, the number of workers continued to increase, investors from both
domestic and foreign continued to came, until the financial crisis that hit
Indonesia in 1998 so that the price of tin plummeted and forced the government
to issue this regulation.
In addition to conflicts in policies, there are also
regulatory issues in the local economic sector in terms of standard price
fixing indicators as well as the legality of business licenses and their oversight.
This is in accordance with the statement of Mr. Muhammad Hafrian Fajar as a
tourism actor and in accordance with the statement of the tourism manager,
namely Mr. Tedi.
Unfair competition between Belitung tourist accommodation
is caused by the absence of restrictions related to price standardization.
Conflicts and unfair competition are caused by the absence of conventions in
setting business price standards for both goods and services. By making legal
norms and conclusions, the lack of standards in price standardization that
threatens Belitung tourism must be corrected. Judges and other legal
authorities tasked with applying the law to situations must have the authority
granted by law for the benefit of fair tourism business service processes and fair
application of the law, the main purpose of legal discovery is to offer justice
and ensure legal clarity.
The formation of regulations regarding Belitung Tourism
Governance will make it easier to monitor and regulate tourism trade
arrangements. The government needs to limit the existence of a tariff war
between tourism entrepreneurs and negative practices, which have been running
for a long time. This can be done by means of standardization which regulates
illegal tourism entrepreneurs in Belitung without having to sacrifice by
reducing Belitung's image.
Weak
Knowledge and Resources in Sustainability
Another finding that produces conflict in the
development of sustainable tourism in Belitung is the lack of knowledge and
professionalism in the field of science sustainability, This was explained by the statement of Mr.
Budi Setiawan as an environmentalist and researcher in the field sustainability.
Problems in the implementation of the concept green
hotels lies in the lack of attention to sustainability aspects
and focus only on branding without clear measuring tools. This wrong approach
aims to seek profit and revenue, even though it should care about the
surrounding environment by implementing sustainable and energy-efficient hotel
quality. Sustainable tourism development has not been fully implemented
properly, because it is still lacking in substance and is only limited to
outward appearances.
The sustainable approach in Belitung often
only seeks profit and asks for financial assistance if it suffers a loss, even
though it should focus on developing and improving the environment
independently and providing significant benefits. Clear indicators are needed
to measure sustainability. The government, practitioners and academics have not
fully coordinated and understood the meaning of implementation and the story
behind it. Today's international tourists want experiences that involve change
rather than just relaxing. The master plan that is made does not have a strong
reference, so the design, location, and materials used are often not
appropriate. Reliable indicators or expert guides are needed in measuring
sustainability.
Experience in tourism should emphasize
hospitality and understanding the essence of the local community, but this is
sometimes poorly understood by those in charge of tourism. The dominant
motivation is still oriented towards financial gain.
Tourism regulations and roadmaps are still
limited to conventional package price competition. There has been no
willingness to collaborate on innovation and a lack of concern for quality. If
there is no spirit of totality and the government does not pay attention to the
situation and analysis of ongoing business conflicts, then there will be no
feedback that can be used for introspection, even though there are actual
complaints and potentials. In addition, the same competency and clear
regulatory indicators are required. Maturity in accepting criticism also still
needs to be improved. Therefore, the most important strategy is to adopt a
mature mindset and be oriented towards the benefit of the people in achieving
sustainability.
Human resources and other supporting resources need a
tool or tool to run it, namely science and technology. Without these two
aspects, a resource cannot have implications for its benefits or potential
development in a fluctuating world or life cycle. By mastering the science of
the essential points in a process and behavior to be the beginning, a
transformation of change begins as a result of the feedback obtained so as to
bring reflection on the results of experience and development of science which
will later be used as resistance and barrier to the management of sustainable
tourism development in the protection of future generations. This knowledge is
supported by mastery of technology which is used as a tool to assist in
efficiency and performance effectiveness. Although considered a cliché,
technology that can be used in the development of scientific experience in
behaving based on diverse and distinctive norms and socio-cultures will
facilitate the interaction process and smoothness in compiling and implementing
the expected sustainability. The easier it is for people to access information
resources inseparable from policies made by the central and regional
governments that make digitalization a service that can be used by anyone.
The following table below is a detailed analysis of the
conflicts encountered from the results of interviews with research respondents,
namely as follows:
Table 2. Conflict
Findings from Interview Results
|
No |
Conflict |
Cause indication |
|
1 |
Land
disputes |
Overlapping
rules and powers |
|
2 |
There
is no sync between the tour manager and the Tourism Awareness Group
(POKDARWIS) |
Ego,
lack of communication, and unfair financial regulations. |
|
3 |
There
is a gap between academics, practitioners and the government. |
Individualistic
knowledge mix that is less blended |
|
4 |
UNESCO
Global Geopark only serves as a legal umbrella resulting in the development
of sustainable tourism only showing skin while implementation is still weak. |
Pressure
on the zone in conflict avoidance |
|
5 |
Masterplan reliable
sustainable tourism development, but during the implementation process |
The
control holder is not a professional regarding typical sustainability and is
able to examine the peculiarities of the subject and object to be described |
|
6 |
Generalize
the program without going directly to specific fields intensely. |
Just
fulfilling the task without understanding the essence of the responsibility
for change. |
|
7 |
Sustainable
tourism development is just a brand |
Knowledge
and competence are limited in saving energy and waste. |
|
8 |
Lack
of potential mitigation |
Fear
of complaints, and still lack maturity in accepting criticism. |
|
9 |
Government
regulations that feel like they're being pushed back and forth without taking
firm action on a problem |
The
fear of losing a potential source of foreign exchange. |
|
10 |
The
blur of the dignity of the UNESCO Global Geosite as a conservationist |
Too
weak and never finished in resolving the conflict so as to exclude the golden
boy of tourism as an alternative and obscure the essence of conservation. |
|
11 |
Tourism
programs are wrapped only in a spectacle rundown, not a guide |
Partnership
gap between investors and local communities and lack of firmness with the
government in bringing out regional uniqueness because it is too focused on
the master plan |
|
12 |
Lack
of supervision in the field results in price inequality |
Education
that ends in generalization |
|
13 |
Dependence
on mining because it produces a stagnant economy |
The
need continues to increase without finding a point of solution for business
justice or the achievement of reliable alternative economic regulations. |
Source: Data Processing Results, 2023
Analysis of Conflict Control Based on the
Principles of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
People Aspect
In sustainable development, it requires a main actor who
interacts or is a subject in forming a life system, namely humans or
communities who are involved in every process of implementation, programs and
all policies that affect tourism development. Based on the results of
interviews with the Deputy Regent of Belitung Regency, it is known that tourism
in Belitung is related to local communities where people who are directly
involved or in the tourist area can provide great benefits in social, cultural
and economic aspects. This is in line with the statement according to an
interview with Budi Setiawan as an environmentalist and a researcher in the
field of sustainability, cultural values connect individuals or "people"
'in a meaningful way with the environment',
The conflict control strategy according to Hendrick
(1992) is obliging, in this style the act of raising the status of the other
party is carried out so that the other party feels willing to give in and this
style when used effectively can perpetuate the relationship between
individuals. Furthermore, strategies that can be carried out in accordance with
this theory include a strategy that is willing to do introspection based on
criticism obtained by designing a strategy in finding the results of the people
aspect, namely having a mindset of change and maturity as well as caring for
generations and the community must be open to criticism and suggestions.
Within local communities, adat, culture, nature,
spirituality and personal identity are intertwined and 'cultural identity
values are often transcribed either figuratively or literally into the living
landscape. That is, sustainability through tourism that produces tangible
cultural heritage and imbues trust with meaning and identity is the result of
interactions between people who have distinctiveness.
The number of people who can enjoy holidays as well as
involve changes today has increased significantly due to the increasing
popularity of sustainable tourism in the world. However, there are still groups
of people who feel disinterested in tourism due to various reasons such as:
lack of resources, manifestations of social exclusion, lack of attention from
the public sector, application of social resources and passive community and
non-governmental organizations. - profit generator (Andries
et al., 2021). In accordance with one of the interview presentations
which identified the problem of weak resources and attention and inequality of
control is the result of a weak mindset and sense of belonging to long-term
life growth and development because it is covered in ego and momentary lust.
The issue of awareness in business with a sustainable
tourism model is important, because so far the orientation of tourism is purely
profit or the economy. Whereas in sustainable tourism, it is not only oriented
towards business but also environmental harmony and provides a sense of
security and comfort for future generations, so that there is a guarantee of a
better life in the future to be anticipated.
Planetary
Aspect
Planets or the
earth is an object or place/location of community or individual interaction in
creating a sustainable life expectancy system. The research location is tourism
in Belitung Regency with specifications for tourist sites that are related to a
conflict, where tourism areas are related to land issues such as the Nam Salu
Open Pit which until now has yet to find a meeting point in the zoning system
between mining lands and forest conservation systems. as well as specifications
in the tourism zone, this is in accordance with the results of interviews
conducted by the Head of the Tourism Office, where the Belitung tourism object,
several locations are still constrained in three conflicts which are difficult
to provide common ground, namely the first land issue, secondly the conflict
over area management between managers and Pokdarwis which is out of sync, and
lastly, of course, the problem of Open Fit Nam Salu. In designing a conflict
control strategy, holding counseling and training for local communities in
order to raise tourism awareness in each tourist destination.
The problem of location is of course well realized by tourism
actors and tourism managers and even the Deputy Regent of Belitung Regency said
that the land or location problem, the policy made is like a kite that is being
pulled and pulled because on the one hand all aspects have interests, one of
which cannot be let go.
Prosperity
Aspect
Prosperity is expected by every aspect of
interaction. The same is true in an implementation of tourism which is of
course a serviceservices that
provide access to social and spiritual comfort in exchange for providing revenue
for business actors and managers. However, sustainable tourism has another
definition of prosperity because sustainable tourism does not seek profit from
a numerical value but profits in the form of the meaning of sustainability
which contains benefits for every aspect of life in self-prosperity and the
environment in the context of functions for future generations. This is in
accordance with the results of an interview with environmental observer Budi
Setiawan who explained that
Marwah of sustainability through sustainability in
independence based on competence in the realm of sustainability by using
something that revolves around benefits that are not wasted or produces waste
for the sake of environmental prosperity.
A compromising conflict control strategy, in this style
both parties consult and negotiate with each other how the most appropriate
conflict resolution path is decided in the future so that it is hoped that both
parties involved in the conflict can feel that no one is being harmed, Hendrick,
1992. Appropriate strategies include namely , the strategy has a mindset of
change and maturity as well as concern for generations, government agencies
that determine and regulate prices to remain competitive, have standard
indicators in income, price rules, legality of structured business licenses and
side by side with intense supervision and support for alternative MSME funds
that have essence of sustainability.
Sustainable development is a key concept of tourism
development which has enormous economic, environmental and social impacts in
the modern world (Streimikiene
et al., 2021). Because the global economy, social and technological
development processes have rapid transformations and fluctuations, the analysis
of new and specific forms, present in business also emerges as an alternative
to the necessary methods in tourism to achieve sustainable tourism development.
Therefore, the issue of sustainable tourism development
is closely related to competitiveness through increased innovation in all areas
relevant to business operations. Moreover, tourism is described as a business,
which is distinguished by its great diversity, integrity and multi-planning.
Precisely, the interconnection of major structural components, forming a
tourism business, allows for the assumption that companies, providing tourism
services, to cooperate in implementing innovations according to the results of
interviews conducted with respondents and the partnership is one form of
conflict control where conflict resolution can be successful through
communication so as to form a commitment to cooperation
Peaceful
Aspect
In berlan tourismMillions need peace and smoothness of every
implementation process. With the existence of several land conflicts that have
a negative influence on the image and zoning issues, Belitung is taking
preventive steps by participating in becoming part of the UNESCO Global Geopark
which is an official barrier or protection in the form of world-recognized
conservation. In accordance with the statement of the Head of the Tourism OfficeAnnita, SP, M.IL thatBelitung has been registered
with the UNESCO Global Geosite which of course must pay attention to regulatory
standards of attention in accommodating the implementation of tourism such as
education, conservation and community empowerment in order to create harmony in
peace.
In the view of Muhammad Hafrian
Fajar as a tourism actor, he sees this. The strategy taken must be right wherefirmness in the regulation of various policies as well as
the overlap of authority with the same object or subject and being able to
interpret all aspects of the uniqueness of interaction.
Partnerships Aspect
Partnershipneeded in every aspect of regulatory arrangements in the
development of sustainable tourism and conflict control. Where according to the
results of interviews from managers and actors in the tourism sector feel the
need to help each other in expediting the implementation process through
relevant tourism management tools in initiative planning situations in
accordance with the 'needs' formula so as to create partnerships through
conflict management by setting boundaries for tourism development.
Basically sustainable tourism according to Budi
Setiawan's interview is tourism that is based more on social preconceptions
than on the economy, can help create or preserve tourist destinations, taking
into account economic, social and environmental sustainability criteria. This
is a significant contribution to employment and economic growth. In the
development of tourism activities, it is necessary to base not only on the
criteria of seeking economic benefits, but also on one of the improvements in
social welfare, namely the creation of a stable and high-quality workplace,
both through public and private partnerships.
Based on the results of the draft strategy that has been
formulated in conflict control, the findings of the above strategy are in line
with the first theoretical study put forward by Hendrick (1992), namely
integrating, in this style encouraging the growth of creative thinking, because
each individual can synthesize information and perspectives different. In the
conflict control strategy above in the development of sustainable tourism in
the Belitung area, strategies that can be carried out in accordance with this
theory are having competencies and skills that embrace each other, and
establishing cooperation with the travel agency tourism industry in packing
various tour packages.
Basically, it can be said that even sustainable tourism
provides some essence in terms of wealth creation. Thus, social sensitivity
along with economic welfare is one of the most important elements of
sustainable development not only in the tourism sector, but also in other
sectors.
The ability of businesses to successfully transition into
sustainable tourism innovation depends on many factors, including knowledge and
skills (capacity building), organizational innovation (integrated solutions and
logistics models), social innovation (new production and consumption models),
technological innovation (material design and processes), and multi-stakeholder
engagement.
Conflict Control Design Analysis
Owens (1991), argued that conflict can occur due to
differences in views, desires or desires, perceptions, values and goals both
between individuals and individuals, individuals with groups, and groups with
groups. In line with the expert's view, the conflict that occurred, namely the
development of sustainable tourism in Belitung, started from an illegal mining
area that was close to the Belitung Geo Site tourism area, then depended on the
livelihoods of local people who relied on mining compared to the tourism sector
due to a lack of counseling carried out to stimulate awareness from managers
and local communities on sustainable tourism. Therefore, the conflict control
strategy design can be seen as follows.
Cooperation Aspect
Conflicts occur when user groups compete for similar
resources and other users can reduce the essence of tourism, or other
activities in Belitung Regency, where the most typical conflicts are conflicts
between mining parties and regulations with the government according to the
results of an interview with the Deputy Regent of Belitung Regency who
explained that Belitung is still dominated by mining. There has been a shift in
the sustainability environment through various policies and tourism
transformations in which many MSMEs have resulted in an anomaly of professional
tension and development land zones. According to Budi Setiawan, when inequality
occurs, the hunger for land is getting higher, so it is proportional to the
increase in conflict.
According to Budi Setiawan, UNESCO Global Geopark can be
used as a legal umbrella for self-reliance in developing and improving the
environment and being able to provide leading. What needs to be done is cooperation
between the government, practitioners and academics to provide all competence,
innovation and creativity to work together to build the good of the people
through concoctions of conflict. which basically contains potential, it only
needs maturity to communicate by releasing ego and lust.
Aspects
of Persistence
When there are complaints related to conflicts in tourism
development, of course there is disappointment that they are sorry to hear and
hope for improvement. According to Tedi, as one of the tourism managers at
Tanjung Tinggi Beach, the root of the problem is the human resources who don't
want to change because they don't want to get out of their comfort zone, while
a change certainly requires adaptation. Besides that, coupled with the lack of
knowledge of human diversity which varies in tolerance, norms and manners, it
is also one of the triggers of conflict. In fact, according to Harfian as a
tourism actor, Belitung certainly already has abundant natural resources and
reliable programs, maybe we have some problems but do not every
region have its obstacles too.
CONCLUSION
Based on
the results of the research analysis conducted, the conclusions obtained are as
follows: (1) there are three main conflicts that menjis the root of the problem in the
development of sustainable tourismMillions
namely land disputes, miscommunication of partnerships or out of sync and
mining problems. These three points gave rise to various problems and biased
policies felt by the local community as well as tourism actors and managers in
Belitung Regency, and (2) based on
the identification of conflicts the results of the strategy found include the
people aspect (1)Have
a mindset of change and maturity as well as concern for generations (2) Willing
to do introspection based on criticism received and (3) Open to criticism and
suggestions. Planet Aspects (1) Conduct counseling and training for local
communities to raise tourism awareness at each tourist destination in the
Prosperity aspect (1) Have standard indicators in income, price rules, legality
of business permits that are structured and coupled with intense supervision
(2) Support alternative MSME funds that have the essence of sustainability (3)
Form a government institution that determines and regulates prices so that they
can remain competitive.
REFERENCES
Ahmad, R., Syafira, A. Y., Sholichah,
A. F., Alvionita, L., & Kodir, A. (2022). Derita Di Balik Tambang:
Kontestasi Kepentingan Ekonomi Politik Dalam Pertambangan Timah, Di Bangka
Belitung. Sosioglobal: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Sosiologi, 6(2),
114–132.
Alawiyah,
D. M. (2021). Analisis Diplomasi Publik Dalam Perkembangan Pariwisata Dan
Ekonomi Kreatif Di Kota Palembang Melalui Event Asian Games 2018.
Universitas Sriwijaya.
Alunaza,
H., Christiani, S., & Eliati, F. (2022). Analisis Pengendalian Sektor
Pariwisata Melalui Tourism Safe Corridor Di Asean Pada Masa Covid-19. SOSMANIORA:
Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 1(2), 111–118.
Andries,
D. M., Arnaiz-Schmitz, C., Díaz-Rodríguez, P., Herrero-Jáuregui, C., &
Schmitz, M. F. (2021). Sustainable tourism and natural protected areas:
Exploring local population perceptions in a post-conflict scenario. Land,
10(3), 331.
BPS.
(2023a). Buletin Statistik Perdagangan Luar Negeri (EKSPOR)_Menurut Kelompok
Komoditi dan Negara (Vol. 1, Issue 61).
BPS. (2023b). Kabupaten Belitung dalam
Angka. In Badan Pusat Statistik.
Bachry,
J. (2019). Analisis Konflik Dalam Implementasi Kebijakan Tata Ruang Wilayah Di
Pembangunan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan Di Kawasan Geopark Rinjani-Lombok,
Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Media Bina Ilmiah, 13, 12.
Fadli,
M. R. (2021). Memahami desain metode penelitian kualitatif. Humanika, Kajian
Ilmiah Mata Kuliah Umum, 21(1), 33–54.
Nuraini,
E., Saputra, N. H., & Kholisiah, L. (2019). Potensi dan prospek wisata
syariah dalam meningkatkan ekonomi daerah (studi kasus: Kota Bandung). BASKARA:
Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 1(2), 93–104.
Siregar,
I., & Zulkarnain. (2022). The Relationship between Conflict and Social
Change in the Perspective of Expert Theory: A Literature Review. International Journal
of Arts and Humanities Studies, 2(1), 09–16.
https://doi.org/10.32996/bjahs.2022.2.1.2
Streimikiene,
D., Svagzdiene, B., Jasinskas, E., & Simanavicius, A. (2021). Sustainable
tourism development and competitiveness: The systematic literature review. Sustainable
Development, 29(1), 259–271.
Sugiyono.
(2018). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D.
Alfabeta.
Szromek, A. R., Kruczek, Z., & Walas,
B. (2023). Stakeholders’ attitudes towards tools for sustainable tourism in
historical cities. Tourism Recreation Research, 48(3), 419–431.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1931774
Wibisono,
N. (2023). Model Strategi Pengembangan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan Di Kawasan
Pariwisata Desa Patengan–Kabupaten Bandung.
Widari,
D. A. D. S. (2020). Kebijakan pengembangan pariwisata berkelanjutan: Kajian
teoretis dan empiris. Jurnal Kajian Dan Terapan Pariwisata, 1(1),
1–11.
Wirawan,
P. E., & Semara, I. M. T. (2021). Modul Pengantar Pariwisata. 4(1).
Copyright holders:
Savia Resa Salsabil, Yohanes
Kristianto, Nyoman Ariana (2023)
First publication right:
Devotion - Journal of Research and Community
Service
This
article is licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International