Volume 4, Number 11, November 2023 e-ISSN: 2797-6068 and p-ISSN: 2777-0915
ANALYSIS OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN
IMPROVING VILLAGE-OWNED ENTERPRISES IN KARANGASEM REGENCY, BALI
Minta
Harsana, Afia Fauziah
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
|
KEYWORDS BUMDes;
Kabupaten Karangasem; Bali; Tourism |
ABSTRACT The Human Resource (HR) crisis is one of the problems for village
development, especially the establishment and development of BUMDes. The way
BUMDes works is through community economic activities in the form of
institutions or business entities that are managed professionally but still
rely on the original potential of the village. One of the potential village
businesses owned by Karangasem Regency is in the tourism sector. This study
is intended to determine the potential and capacity of Karangasem BUMDes
human resources in tourism development in Kab. Karangasem Bali. The methods
and approaches used in the BUMDes HR Potential Analysis activity in the
development of Karangasem tourism in Bali by taking into account the
suitability of the actual conditions in the field so that they can become a
policy recommendation. Next, a SWOT analysis was carried out. In this
analysis, an analysis of the internal environment and an analysis of the
external environment is carried out to determine strategies, policies and programs
to increase the capacity of BUMDes human resources in the development of
Karangasem tourism in Bali. The target to be achieved in this research is the
availability of a BUMDes HR database as a basis for setting policies to
increase the capacity of Karangasem BUMDes human resources in tourism
development in Bali. |
INTRODUCTION
The issue of Development fundamentally aims to foster self-sufficiency,
including rural development. Concerning rural development, one of the
government's missions is to build rural areas achievable through empowering
communities to enhance productivity and diversity in rural efforts. The
economic development of villages is expected to provide both economic
prosperity and welfare to the rural population. Therefore, the utilization of
rural funds is directed towards extensively constructing village infrastructure
and expediting the management of local resource-based village economic
initiatives through Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes).
Consequently, the presence of BUMDes in all Indonesian villages becomes
highly important and strategic in ameliorating and developing rural economic
disparities. BUMDes is regulated in Law No. 32 of 2004 concerning Regional
Autonomy. It explicitly states in Article 213, paragraph 1 that villages can
establish village-owned enterprises according to the needs and potential of the
village. The function of BUMDes involves gathering community economic
activities in an institutional form or a business entity managed
professionally, yet still rooted in the original village potential. This can
render community efforts more productive and effective. In the future, BUMDes
will function as a cornerstone of the nation's independence, simultaneously
serving as an institution that facilitates the economic activities evolving
according to the village's characteristics to enhance the welfare of the rural
population.
Human Resource Crisis is one of the significant challenges for village
development, especially in establishing and advancing BUMDes. Data from the
Ministry of Villages, Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration (PDTT) states
that as of 2017, due to the lack of human resources, only around 6,000 BUMDes
actively operate throughout Indonesia out of 74,910 villages nationwide. This
necessitates support from various parties to enhance the quality and capacity
of BUMDes to achieve development goals. One approach is to foster
collaborations among institutions, particularly with universities. One such
university actively engaged in development is the State University of
Yogyakarta (hereinafter referred to as UNY), consistently carrying out the
triple roles of higher education institutions, encompassing education,
research, and community service. To optimize UNY's efforts and participation in
enhancing education quality in Indonesia, the university has established
collaborations with various districts and provinces across the country.
Karang Asem Regency in Bali is one of the villages vigorously developing
BUMDes and collaborating with UNY. This collaboration, formalized in a
Memorandum of Understanding, has primarily involved sending students to UNY for
undergraduate (S1) studies. The partnership aims to optimize Karang Asem
Regency's potential.
Based on the initial survey, the primary challenge in BUMDes development
in Karang Asem Regency is the limited quality of human resources, particularly
in tourism-related BUMDes. This is evident in the inadequate capacity of human
resources in managing a tourist destination, encompassing infrastructure
arrangement, public services, parking, tourist activities, restaurants, fish
sales, tour package creation, tourist information centers, cleanliness, etc. A
significant challenge is the lack of unified perception regarding traditional
land ownership and government agencies. In Bali, alongside Administrative
Villages (Villages under the Ministry of Home Affairs), there are traditional
villages (Desa Adat). The limited capacity of human resources is also visible
in the marketing/promotion of new tourist destinations, which are not yet
integrated between traditional villages and government agencies. Financial
management is also insufficient, lacking standardized financial reporting
formats, leading to a lack of uniformity or clear standards among BUMDes (Siagian, 1991).
Therefore, the quality of human resources, especially in the field of
tourism-based BUMDes, needs improvement. One government effort to enhance human
resource quality, capacity, and competence is by analyzing the potential of
tourism human resources. Through such activities, it's hoped that the extent of
available potential can be assessed for policy-making by local governments
through related agencies. Based on these identified issues, the problem to be
addressed in this study is formulated as: "How can the development of
human resources enhance Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Karangasem
Regency, Bali?"
Literature Review
Law Number 6 of 2014 states that village development aims to improve
human life quality and poverty alleviation by providing basic needs,
infrastructure development, local economic potential, and sustainable natural
resource utilization, emphasizing togetherness, familial ties, and cooperation
to achieve social justice. Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) defined in Law
Number 6 of 2014 are businesses where the entire or a substantial part of the
capital is owned by the village, using direct contributions derived from the
village's separated wealth to manage assets, service provisions, and other
businesses for the overall welfare of the village population (Permenparekraf, 2014). Law Number 32 of 2004 explicitly mentions the recognition of BUMDes in
Article 213, paragraph (1), allowing villages to establish village-owned
enterprises according to the village's needs and potential; (2) These
village-owned enterprises shall abide by statutory regulations; (3) They can
take out loans as per legal regulations.
Human resource planning is fundamentally tied to future labor needs,
both in terms of quantity and quality (Legge, 2014). Human resources fill the workforce in an organization. Workforce
placement requires thorough planning. According to Umar, (2004), workforce planning is a method to determine the labor needs in a
specific period, both in terms of quality (type/quality) and quantity (amount)
using specific approaches.
(Nawawi, 2001) divides human resources into three definitions:
Standardizing tourism human resource competencies is critically
essential. The Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation Number 52 of 2012 on
Competency Certification and Business Certification in the Tourism Sector and
the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy Regulation Number 1 of 2014 on the
Implementation of Tourism Business Certification, which was last amended by the
Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy Regulation Number 7 of 2014 on Changes
to the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy Regulation Number 1 of 2014
concerning the Implementation of Tourism Business Certification, significantly
influences the development of human resource quality in the tourism sector (Bratton et al., 2021). This regulation compels tourism players to enhance their capabilities
to maintain their positions. Consequently, prospective and current workers must
prepare themselves by enhancing their capacities through training or competency
certification (Jackson et al., 2014).
The tourism industry is highly complex and involves a considerable amount
of human resources. Rarely is there an industry with as many connections or
linkages as in the tourism sector. The diversity within tourism activities also
impacts communities, particularly concerning income. According to Spillane
(2002), the tourist income multiplier is a coefficient indicating the income
generated in an area from an additional unit of expenditure by tourists.
Tourism significantly influences various economic sectors, including
transportation, retail sales, wholesale businesses, manufacturing, and service
providers (Marchington et al., 2016).
The impact of tourism on job opportunities is more pronounced in
developing countries than in already industrialized nations (Yoety, 1997). This is because developing countries have higher unemployment rates
due to limited job opportunities. Many tourism efforts involve small-scale
businesses. The ownership structure depends on the type of tourism, the
industry's growth rate, and the availability of local capital resources
compared to external investments (Spillane, 1994).
Every tourism destination is required to enhance the quality of human
resources as the quality of the workforce directly influences the quality of
tourism products and services (Buller & McEvoy, 2012). Hence, improving the quality of human resources is a key factor in
winning the increasingly competitive global market. The precondition for this
is an education and training system supporting the establishment and
application of tourism human resource competency standards (Priowirjanto, 2001). Enhancing tourism workforce human resources through education and
training is a crucial component, both through formal education channels such as
vocational schools and through training avenues like courses, job training
institutions (BLK), and workplace apprenticeships.
RESEARCH
METHOD
The
methods and approaches used in the BUMDes HR Potential Analysis activity in the
development of karangasem tourism in Bali by taking into account the
suitability of real conditions in the field in order to become a policy
recommendation. The mindset of activities is exposed in diagram 1 below.
METHOD
Business
Sector
Observation Hospitality
Tourism HR Profile
Restaurant
HR capacity building policy ANALYSIS Tour
Guide
Travel
Agent HR capacity building program
Tourism Policy Literature Study
Diagram 1. Mindset
of BUMDes HR Analysis Preparation Activities in Karangasem Tourism Development
in Bali
Source: Data
Processing
Based on this picture, it can be explained that to obtain outputs in the
form of HR profiles, capacity building policies and capacity building programs
obtained from the results of analysis conducted based on surveys, observations
and literature studies sourced from data or samples derived from human
resources in the tourism business sector, especially in hotels, restaurants,
tour guides, travel agencies, museums and spas are scattered in the Karang Asem
area.
ANALYSIS
HR Capacity Improvement Strategy
JOB
HR Capacity Improvement Policy SWOT
Analysis
Self
Development
HR Capacity Improvement Program
Suggestion
Diagram 2. Stages
of Data Analysis Preparation of BUMDes HR Analysis in the Development of
Karangasem Tourism in Bali
Source: Data
Processing
Theory
Village-Owned
Enterprises (BUMDes) are defined by Law Number 6 of 2014 as business entities
whose entire or majority of capital is owned by the village through direct
participation derived from separated village wealth to manage assets, services
and other businesses that are widely for the benefit of the welfare of the
village community. Law No. 32 of 2004 states definitively and the existence of
Bumdes has been recognized, namely referred to in Article 213 paragraph (1)
Villages can establish village-owned enterprises in accordance with the needs
and potentials of the village; (2) Village-owned enterprises as referred
to in paragraph (1) shall be guided by laws and regulations; (3)
Village-owned enterprises as referred to in paragraph (1) may make loans in
accordance with laws and regulations.
Human
Resources is closely related to the provision of labor. Sulistyaningsih & Swasono, (1993)
suggest that labor is everyone who is able to do work both inside and outside
the employment relationship to produce goods / services to meet the needs of
the community. Human resource planning is closely related to management (Swasono & Sulistyaningsih, 1993). This is
because human resource planning is one of the management functions that focuses
on the entire human resource system. The focus of human resource planning is
the preparation of a set of integrated policies and programs in order to
achieve company goals (Simamora, 2004).
In the
framework of implementing the Regional Government of Karangasem Regency, the
Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) is a regional development
planning document as an integral part of the national development planning
system as stipulated in law number 25 of 2004 concerning Regional Government.
The Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) of Karangasem Regency for
2016-2021 is the second phase of the report in order to realize the vision of
the Regional Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPD) of Karangasem Regency for
2006-2025 (Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Karangasem
Nomor 7 Tahun 2006 Tentang Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang (Rpjp) Daerah Kabupaten
Karangasem Tahun 2006-2025, 2006). RPJMD is
a guideline in the preparation of the Strategic Plan for each Regional
Apparatus Organization (Renstra OPD) and Regional Government Work Plan (RKPD)
every year.
The vision contained in the Darerah Medium-Term
Development Plan (RPJMD) of Karangasem Regency for 2016-2021 is
"Karangasem Smart, Clean and Dignified Based on Tri Hita Karana". The
description of the Vision can be described as follows: (Perda, 2016)
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
Environmental,
Cultural and Agricultural Conditions of Karangasem Regency
Karangasem
is a regency located at the easternmost tip of Bali Island. Astronomically, the
district is located at 8000'00"–8041'37.8" South Latitude and
115035'9.8"–115054'8.9" East Longitude. The boundaries of Karangasem
Regency are as follows:
1. The north
is bordered by the Bali Sea;
2. To the
south it borders the Indonesian Ocean;
3. The west
is bordered by Klungkung, Bangli, and Buleleng regencies;
4. The east
is bordered by the Lombok Strait
Karangasem
Regency is the district with the third largest area in Bali Province, after
Buleleng and Jembrana. The total area reaches 839.54 km2. The area of
Karangasem Regency is divided into 8 districts, namely:
1.
Districts Rendang,
2.
Districts Sidemen,
3.
Districts Manggis,
4.
Districts Karangasem,
5.
Districts Abang,
6.
Districts Bebandem,
7.
Districts Selat,
8.
Districts Kubu.
Karangasem
Regency is famous as "Bumi Magibung" because in Karangasem Regency it
still preserves the Magibung tradition of eating together in one container. In
addition to having these unique traditions, there are at least six traditions
that have been designated as National Intangible Cultural Heritage, namely
Gebug Ende in Seraya Village and Terteran in Jasri Village, Tenganan gringsing
cloth, Usaba Wick in Pakraman Timbrah Village, Usaba Dangsil in Pakraman
Bungaya Village, Selonding, and Mekare-kare or Mageret Pandan in Tenganan
Village.
Judging
from the social side, an area will quickly develop if it has quality human
resources, one of which is from the education side. From the health aspect, the
availability of health facilities is very necessary in efforts to improve
public health. In addition, health facilities are important things that must be
available in the development of tourist attractions.
The main
livelihood of the people of Karangasem district is in the agricultural sector.
Although it is increasingly eroded, agriculture is still the main business
field in the economy of Karangasem. The main commodities in Karangasem Regency
are rice, but also sweet potatoes, and green beans. Meanwhile, corn, cassava,
peanuts and soybeans during 2015 experienced a decline in production. For fruit
commodities, as with the previous ahun, salak is still the main commodity in Karangasem
Regency. Salak is produced in almost all sub-districts except Kubu sub-district
which does not produce salak fruit. Some areas of Karangasem regency are
beaches with a climate that tends to be dry causing coconut and cashew to
thrive in this region. Both crops are plantation commodities that are quite a
mainstay. Livestock subsector, a large type of livestock that is widely
cultivated in Karangasem is cattle. Industrial activities in Karangasem Regency
are still dominated by small industries and household handicrafts, which have
the characteristics of small capital, little labor, simple management, and
technology that is also still simple. This also causes the processing industry
business field to only provide a share of around 4 percent of the GDP of
Karangasem Regency.
Tourism of
Karangasem Regency
Karangasem
Regency is a regency in East Bali that is rich in potential tourist
attractions. One of them is the number of Tourism Villages in Karangasem spread
across the region. The tourist villages include the following (Longtripmania,
2018):
Jasri Tourism Village
Jasri Tourism
Village is located in Pekraman Jasri Village, Subangan Village, Karangasem
District, Karangasem Regency, Bali. This tourist village has received the title
as the best Tourism Village in 2013. In addition to beautiful natural scenery
and traditional life, it also presents interesting arts and cultural
performances. This village has an ancient tradition called ter-teran or fire
war which is carried out every year, which is the day before the Nyepi
Celebration. In addition to ter-teran, there is also a traditional percussion
called Tambur Jasri and Sakrak Rejang Jasri dance. Tourists can also see the
process of making dodol, sokasi, and pottery directly carried out by local residents.
Tumbu Tourism Village
Tumbu
Tourism Village is located in Tumbu Village, Karangasem District, Karangasem
Regency, Bali. In this village there is a tourist attraction of Taman Sukasada
Ujung Water Palace. In this park there is a king's palace located in the middle
of a pond. Taman Ujung is one of Bali's mega masterpieces built by involving
architects from Bali, the Netherlands, and China so as to produce a combination
of Balinese, Chinese and European architecture. Another tourist attraction is Ujung
beach which is very beautiful when the sun goes down. Ujung Beach is not sandy
but rocky which has been arranged in such a way as to avoid abrasion that
continues to erode this beach. In addition, tourists who visit this village can
see the activities of local residents in making woven pandan leaves.
Bugbug
Tourism Village
Bugbug
Village has the beauty of hills with a very beautiful sea view. In this village
there is also a Camping Ground called Taman Harmoni Bali in Bukit Asah. In
addition, in this village there is also a white sandy Virgin beach and a black
sand Bugbug beach. In addition to the beautiful natural charm, Bugbug village
also has unique traditions such as Ngusaba Gumang which is carried out in Bukit
Gumang and the Manda Tradition which is celebrated the day before Nyepi Adat.
In this village there is also an ancient dance that is still preserved, namely
Sang Hyang Bojog Dance. Bugbug Tourism Village is located in Bugbug Village,
Karangasem District, Karangasem Regency, Bali.
Pertima
Tourism Village
Pertima
Village consists of three Traditional Villages, namely Perasi Traditional
Village, Timbrah Traditional Village, and Asak Traditional Village in
Karangasem District, Karangasem Regency, Bali. The word "Pertima" is
an abbreviation of the three traditional villages, namely Per = Perasi, Tim =
Timbrah, and A = Asak. Pertima Village has beautiful customs, culture and
nature in the form of beaches, hills, rice fields and plantations. Tourist
attractions include Bangklangan Beach, Camping Ground named Bukit Apen,
terraced rice fields, special plantations for Hindu ritual ceremony equipment
and special plantations for medicinal plants. In addition to natural tourism
potential, this village also has unique traditions, namely Usaba Kasa, Asak Traditional
Village Rejang Dance, Usaba Kaulu, Meami-amianan, Usaba Sumbu, Usaba Kedasa,
Usaba Guling, Usaba Dalem and Mabarang traditions.
Budakeling
Tourism Village
Budakeling
Village which is located right under the foot of Mount Agung Budakeling Village,
Bebandem District, Karangasem Regency, Bali. The tourist attraction is in the
form of views of rice fields and beautiful hills that are still natural.
Tourists can go around the village to get to know how the people live in this
village. Cultural attractions in this village include fire war dances, art
collaboration between Burdah art from Javanese society and Cekepung art from
Bali, gambuh musical instruments, and parwa musical instruments. In this
village there is also a tradition of meter-teran. The uniqueness of this
tradition is that the medium used is coconut husk burned with fire, this
tradition is also often referred to as fire war.
Kastala
Tourism Village
Kastala
Village, Bebandem District, Karangasem Regency, Bali. It has attractions in the
form of natural scenery, vast rice fields, clear Yeh Sayang River, forests,
rattan weaving making, tabuh rah (cockfighting) tradition, Gebug Papah (war
using banana fronds), Village Rejang Dance, Solah Kepet Dance, Bedil Line Dance
and also community offerings in a traditional equilibrium method carried out in
the bale in the temple.
Desa
Wisata Sibetan
Sibetan
Tourism Village is located in Sibetan Village, Bebandem District, Karangasem,
Bali. Famous as the center of Balinese salak cultivation which is the iconic
fruit of Karangasem regency with a sweet taste. In addition to offering
agrowiata salak Bali, Sibetan Tourism village also has a beautiful hill for
camping, yoga and many other outbound activities. From the hills visitors can
see the beautiful sea south of Karangasem, Teluk Amuk Port and the verdant
hills around it.
Jungutan
Tourism Village
Jungutan
Village is located at the foot of Mount Agung Jungutan Village, Bebandem
District, Karangasem, Bali. There are hiking trails for tourists who want to
climb Mount Agung. During the climb
tourists can enjoy a very beautiful natural scenery with many interesting trees
and plants. This village also has the tourist destination Bukit Nampo, or
better known as "Hill of Paradise" because of its beauty to see vast
rice fields and plantations and the ocean on the southeast side of the island
of Bali. This area is great for watching
the sunrise in the morning.
Tenganan
Tourism Village
Tenganan
Tourism Village in Tenganan Village, Manggis District, Karangasem Regency,
Bali. This village is Kuna Bali Aga Village. Residents still maintain the shape
of their houses remain simple. In this village, tourists can buy a traditional
tengenan woven cloth called "Gringsing Woven Fabric". These villagers
have been famous for their skills in weaving Gringsing cloth for generations.
Every year around mid-July, the tradition of Mageret Pandan (pandan war) is
held, the tradition of Maling-Malingan where four men steal raw pork hung by
residents in Bale Agung and Bale Petemu Kelod and thieves who are arrested will
be led by residents to a place to steal and then decorated with wall paint to
look funny like a clown.
Tanah Ampo
Tourism Village
In
Tanah Ampo Village, Manggis District, Karangasem Regency, Bali there is an international
cruise ship dock with a beautiful view around the pier. The stretch of beach
stretches widely against the background of green hills that blend harmoniously
and present a natural panorama that is still beautiful and natural.
Padangbai
Tourism Village
Padang Bai Village, Manggis District,
Karangasem Regency, Bali. Famous for the beauty of its exotic white sand
beaches. There are three points of white sandy beaches, namely Padang Kurungan
Beach, Padang Bai Beach and Bias Tugel Beach. The underwater charm is also very
interesting to visit because the coral reefs are still natural, so the sea area
in the village of Padang Bai is a very popular diving spot on the island of
Bali.
Antiga
Tourism Village
In
Antiga Village there is a tourist attraction Labuan Amuk Beach which is
equipped with the Odyssey Submarine Bali, which is a submarine tourism activity
that can see the underwater beauty. In addition to marine tourism, in Antiga
village there is also a trekking path along the hills that are very beautiful.
Location: Antiga Village, Manggis District, Karangasem Regency, Bali.
Selumbung
Tourism Village
Selumbung
Village offers trakking tours through the plantation area owned by residents
and see residents in processing their plantations. There is also a waterfall
that has clear, clean, and refreshing water. This village also has hills that
are very charming, so tourists will see scenery such as valleys, hills, rice
fields, residential areas, the ocean and coconut groves are very wide.
Location: Selumbung Village, Manggis District, Karangasem Regency, Bali.
Gegelang
Tourism Village
Gegelang
Village has a very beautiful, beautiful and green hilly tour. One of them is
Bukit Cemeng. From these hills tourists will be presented with the charm of the
southern sea of Bali which is very beautiful and blue with the Nusa Penida
archipelago. In this village still has a clear and fresh flowing river. In this
village, tourists can do trakking to explore the nature of the countryside with
the activities of its residents. Location: Gegelang Village, Manggis District,
Karangasem Regency, Bali.
East Duda
Tourism Village
Duda
Timur tourism village is located in Duda Timur Village, Strait District,
Karangasem Regency, Bali. Its natural potential includes Bukit Putung and
Jagasatru Waterfall. In this village there is also a tradition of Ngusaba Dodol
or Ngusaba Dalem before Nyepi day. Also various ancient traditions are the
tradition of fire siat or fire war. Siat Api uses prakpak or torch means from
dried coconut leaves, carried out right into sandikala (towards night). Siat
Api is a battle using fire, namely by banging prakpak or torches from dried
coconuts that have been lit with fire.
Peringsari
Tourism Village
Peringsari
Tourism Village is located in Peringsari Village, Strait District, Karangasem
Regency, Bali. This village has a tradition of Ngusaba Dodol, where almost all
residents in this village make dodol in their respective homes and then brought
to Pura Dalem as a means of upakara. Ngusaba Dodol is a form of gratitude from
the people of Peringsari Village to God. Three days before the Ngusaba Dodol
ceremony is held, there are a series of preparatory rituals, namely Messiah
Sarang. The nest is a base for pounding sticky rice on the mortar. The nest is
made of daung enau (ron) knitted to resemble a steamer. In addition, tourists
who visit this village can see directly the residents in making various crafts
made from bamboo.
Sebudi
Tourism Village
In
Sebudi Village, Strait District, Karangasem Regency, Bali there is a
"tracking" path to Mount Agung and Pasar Agung Temple. From this
sacred place visitors can see part of the island of Bali, especially the
southern part of Mount Agung. Tourists can also see the activities of local
residents in making woven crafts made from bamboo.
Besakih
Tourism Village
Besakih
Village is already famous for tourist destinations in the form of the Besakih
Temple holy place complex. Besakih Temple is the largest Hindu place of worship
in Bali, so this temple is known as the "Mother Of Temple". In the
Besakih temple complex there are approximately 18 temples, with Pura Penataran
Agung Besakih as the center. In this village tourists can see the activities of
Hindus who will perform prayers. This village is located in Besakih Village,
Rendang District, Karangasem Regency, Bali.
Nongan
Tourism Village
In Nongan
Village, Rendang District, Karangasem Regency, Bali there is an annual event
whose purpose is to attract tourist visits to this village, namely Nongan
Village Festival. In this event, tourists will be presented with their tourism
potential, be it art, culture, and culinary tourism. In this village there is
also a traditional market that sells a variety of typical Karangasem culinary,
so that visitors can enjoy various typical food offerings in the Karangasem
area. In addition, tourists can also see how or the process of making masks
made of wood. Even tourists can also learn to dance the mask.
Muntigunung
Tourism Village
Muntigunung
Village, Kubu District, Karangasem Regency, Bali was previously known as the
"village of beggars", but now the situation has changed. Located on
the slopes of Mount Agung which is suitable for trekking because this village
has hilly contours with a very beautiful panorama. In this village, tourists
can see the activities of residents making various crafts such as making ingka,
which is making plates made of lontar sticks.
In
addition to the development of tourism villages as part of the economic
activities of the people of Karangasem Regency, in Karangasem Regency many
tourism businesses have developed, including the operation of hotels, both star
hotels and non-star hotels.
BUMdes in
Karangasem Bali
Field
observations in Karang Asem Regency were conducted in 5 locations including:
1.
Bubug Beach
2.
Camping Ground Bukit Asah
3.
Bumdes Bebedem
4.
Bumdes Sibetan “Kuncara Giri”
5.
Bumdes Menanga
The results of
field observations for each location in detail are presented in the following
sections.
Beach in Bugbug Village
The Bugbug Village is one of the ancient villages in Karangasem. Located
amidst green hills and the beach, it offers several tourist attractions such as
Candi Dasa, the Gili Tepekong diving point, Bukit Asah, and Virgin Beach. Its
distinctive dish is 'nasi ketupat' served with 'languan' (tuna fish satay).
During significant religious festivals, many Hindu devotees from three
villages, Ngiis, Jasri, Bebandem, and Datah, visit to worship at Pura Gumang (a
temple located at the summit inhabited by hundreds of monkeys).
Candidasa, a name derived from a temple in Bugbug Village, has become
one of the most compelling tourist spots in Bali. The Candidasa area features a
serene and beautiful white sandy beach, offering various accommodation options
like hotels, homestays, villas, and restaurants. Additionally, Candidasa is
strategically located to enjoy exotic attractions, including boating, fishing,
snorkeling, and diving. Its allure lies in the peaceful atmosphere and its
glistening beaches, relatively quieter compared to other beaches in Bali,
further complemented by the scattering of islands. Candidasa facilities
encompass international-standard hotels, homestays, villas, and a diverse range
of restaurants. Although not too crowded, this very condition adds to the
beauty of Candidasa's beach, especially at night.
The White Sand Beach, known as Virgin Beach or Bias Putih, is a
600-meter beach nestled between two hills, Perasi and Asah, adorned with
crystal clear blue waters and free from debris. The facilities here include local
cafes selling food and drinks, umbrella and chair rentals, yet the place lacks
hotels or resorts, surviving with limited electricity supply through
generators. It offers a variety of marine activities such as snorkeling,
bodyboarding, and sailing, while its distinct advantage lies in its secluded
and completely natural atmosphere.
Based on field surveys, Bugbug Village's beaches hold tremendous
potential for tourism due to their captivating landscapes that offer
substantial prospects for development. The revenues generated from tourism in
Bugbug Beach are divided into three segments: management, village
administration (for local revenue), and customary village purposes. The field
observations and results regarding Bugbug's beaches are presented in Table 3.
Table 3. SWOT Analysis of Beach in Bugbug
Village
|
STRENGHTS
S |
WEAKNESSES
W |
|
1.
Strategic location because it is on the
edge of the main road of Karangasem 2.
Has complete tourist attraction 3.
Having a Bugbug Traditional Village
Tourism Development Agency (BP2DAB) with a clear organizational structure and
supporting progress 4.
Managed by Taman Harmoni Bali initiated
by young people 5.
The manager has a camping equipment
rental business at a relatively expensive price 6.
Complete tourist facilities 7.
Using social media for promotion |
1. Low
management capacity 2. Dual
management carried out by traditional villages and offices 3. Indigenous
villages do not have sufficient funds. 4. Virgin
Beach is still leased by Korean investors until 2020 5. No
electricity yet on virgin beach 6. Conflict
between villages and residents related to leasing land to investors |
|
OPPORTUNITIES
O |
THREATS T |
|
1. Declining
number of poor people 2. The
creation of jobs that can reduce the open unemployment rate in Bugbug Village 3. The
increasing role of villages through the development and growth of the Bugbug
Traditional Village Tourism Development Agency (BP2DAB) 4. Improved
infrastructure aimed at increasing the quantity and quality of supporting
facilities for tourism development on the coast |
1.
Competition between villages is getting
stronger 2.
Conflicts between managers if financial
management is not good |
|
STRATEGY |
|
1. FGD
Synergy between Customary Villages and Official Villages in coastal
management 2. In
2021, improvements and physical development of potential support were carried
out in the form of: a. Road
access b. Parking c. Toilet d. Waste
management 3. Tourism
management training for managers 4. Include
managers in tour guide certification 5. Making
flying fox between the camping ground and the small opposite |
Source:
Data Processing
Camping
Ground Bukit Asah
Bukit Asah is
located in Bugbug Village, Karangasem, Bali. Located about 60 km or 1.5 hours
motorized drive from downtown Denpasar. The location is close to the main road
of Karangasem so it is easy for tourists to find. Since the 2000s, Asah hill
has been a camping site, but at that time there were only one or two tourists
camping. The myth of Bukit Asah Karangasem Bali, which is currently still
believed by local residents, as a place of call or meeting place of Gods with
Humans.Then in 2016, Bugbug Village through the Tourism Development Agency of
Bugbug Traditional Village (BP2DAB) initiated by young people began a
development project to form Bali Harmony Park which is in charge of managing
Asah hill campground tours and Bias Putih Beach or Virgin Beach which is also
fascinating.
Natural Tourism
Attractions of Bukit Asah Bugbug Karangasem Bali include:
1. New Attractions in Karangasem Bali
2. Instagrammable
Natural Attractions
3. Sunset
4. Sunrise
8. Camping in Bukit Asah
Karangasem
This development
project is called Taman Harmoni Bali because in its management it prioritizes
harmony. This is in line with the Tri Hita Karana philosophy, namely the
harmony of human relations with God, with fellow humans, and with nature. At
the Asah Hill campground, the manager provides 40 medium-sized tents with a
capacity of 4 people/tent for Rp150,000/night and 18 VIP tents with a capacity
of 6 people/tent for Rp300,000/night. In addition, Taman Harmoni also provides
a spoiled camping tour or glamour camping (glamping), one of which is a table
chair facility. The manager also provides tents, mattresses, pillows, and other
things needed during camp. Taman Harmoni Bali also provides several public
facilities such as public kitchens, toilets, to security posts for tourists. In
addition, there are also facilities for photo spots,
outbound places, cliff jumping places,
and fishing
spots.
Meanwhile, the beach until 2020 was rented by investors from South Korea. In
marketing, managers use social media, such as websites, Instagram, and Facebook
to promote tourist attractions. The results of field observations at Camping
Bukit Asah are presented in Table 4.
Table 4. SWOT Analysis of Bukit Asah
Camping Ground
|
STRENGHTS
S |
WEAKNESSES
W |
|
1.
Strategic location because it is on the
edge of the main road of Karangasem 2.
Has complete tourist attraction 3.
Having a Bugbug Traditional Village
Tourism Development Agency (BP2DAB) with a clear organizational structure and
supporting progress 4.
Managed by Taman harmoni bali initiated
by young people 5.
The manager has a camping equipment
rental business at a relatively expensive price 6.
Complete tourist facilities 7.
Using social media for promotion |
1. Low
management capacity 2. Dual
management carried out by traditional villages and offices 3. Indigenous
villages do not have sufficient funds. So to build this area, the manager
submitted a debt to the Official Village. 4.
The beach is still leased by Korean
investors until 2020 |
|
OPPORTUNITIES
O |
THREATS T |
|
1.
Declining number of poor people 2.
The creation of jobs that can reduce the
open unemployment rate in Bugbug Village 3.
The increasing role of villages through
the development and growth of the Bugbug Traditional Village Tourism
Development Agency (BP2DAB) 4.
Improved infrastructure aimed at
increasing the quantity and quality of supporting facilities for tourism
development in Bukit Asah |
1.
Competition between villages is getting
stronger 2.
Conflicts between managers if financial
management is not good |
|
STRATEGY |
|
1. FGD
Synergy between Customary Villages and Official Villages in the management of
Camping Ground. 2. In
2021, improvements and physical development to support the potential camping
ground will be carried out in the form of: a. Road
access b. Parking c. Toilet d. Waste
management 3. Tourism
management training for managers 4. Include
managers in tour guide certification 5. Making
flying fox between the camping ground and the small opposite |
Source:
Data Processing
Bumdes Bebandem
The population of
Bebandem Village mostly engages in farming alongside a range of occupations
such as farm laborers, gardeners, stone/wood workers, construction workers,
small kiosk businesses, handicrafts, and animal husbandry. The village's most
prominent potential lies in its paddy fields (rice farmers). Among the local
staple crops are salak, cocoa, mangoes, mangosteen, durian, albizia, and
coconuts. Agricultural plantations include rice, corn, peanuts, tomatoes,
chili, and more. Household industries encompass crafts, coconut oil production,
snack and pastry production, brick-making, stone carving businesses, and wood
carving.
Bebandem Village is one of four villages in Bali that has been selected
to participate in the Integrated Village Development Program (Gerbangsadu) in
Bali, aimed at mitigating and eliminating poverty among the less fortunate
through various programs (Bebandem, 2015). As an implementation of the
Provincial Government of Bali to achieve these goals, they allocated a budget
of Rp. 1,000,000,000 (1 billion rupiahs) specifically targeted at the less
fortunate people. This budget is divided, with 80% allotted for Productive
Economic Efforts (UEP) and 20% for physical programs/infrastructure, managed by
the Village-Owned Enterprises and the Village Consultative Body for physical
programs. The Gerbang Sadu Mandara (GSM) is one of the initiatives to address
poverty, unemployment, and to reduce development disparities among regions,
aiming to enhance the welfare of Bebandem Village by:
Based on the village team's survey results, the agreement for utilizing
the Rp. 1,000,000,000 budget is divided into two fields of activities: Rp.
200,000,000 for reservoir infrastructure (village water dam) and Rp.
800,000,000 for Productive Economic Efforts with a rolling fund model in
groups.
The goal of managing the revolving fund, directed towards productive
economic endeavors, is to build and develop business and human capacity. It
aims to ensure that the funds are used as planned, effectively, efficiently,
accountably, and sustainably, following the technical guidelines and
regulations set by the Bali Provincial Government (BPMPD Prov. Bali) and
Village Regulations concerning BUMDes and Financial Aid Activity Programs for
the Bali Mandara Sadu Gate Program.
The Bebandem Village-Owned Enterprises were established under Village
Regulation Number 02 of 2012 concerning the Formation of Village-Owned
Enterprises in Bebandem Village in 2012. The Bebandem Village-Owned
Enterprises, named BUMDes 'Bandem Jagadhita,' serves as an organization that
will receive the principal and interest of loans based on the agreed-upon
terms. To strengthen utilization and community supervision, as well as create a
synergistic relationship with legal institutions, it will coordinate its
efforts and work in partnership with the Village Community, complementing and
contributing to each other (Peraturan
Pemerintah (Pp) No. 52 Tahun 2012 Tentang Sertifikasi Kompetensi Dan
Sertifikasi Usaha Di Bidang Pariwisata, 2012).
Situated in Bebandem Village, the Bebandem Village-Owned Enterprises is
located at Jln. Tohlangkir No. 10, Bebandem District, with a relatively
representative office building. It has a clear organizational structure and
staff who are eager to advance. BUMDes operates in the Bebandem Village area
and can be expanded effectively to multiple villages and can also collaborate
among villages. Existing business activities include:
In addition, Bebandem Village-Owned Enterprises are engaged in expanding
business activities such as small-scale industry and traditional handicrafts,
for instance, doughnut production using wheat and other economic activities
that are needed by the villagers and can add value to the community, like
managing a sports hall.
However, the management of BUMDes still faces several shortcomings, such
as inefficient financial management due to a lack of human resources.
Furthermore, in developing small-scale industries like doughnut production,
there are challenges related to packaging and presentation, and the use of
imported wheat as a raw material.
Based on the above information, the current situation of BUMDes Bebandem
can be identified by conducting a SWOT analysis outlined in Table 5, as follows:
Table 5. SWOT Analysis of BUMDes Bedandem
|
STRENGHTS
S |
WEAKNESSES
W |
|
1.
Bedandem Village receives Bali Mandara
Integrated Village Development Movement Program (Gerbangsadu) 2.
Have your own building that is
relatively representative 3.
The organizational structure is clear
and supports progress 4.
The staff has the desire to move forward 5.
Drinking water management (PSAB), which
provides services to the needs of the community concerning the lives of many
people. 6.
Management of savings and loans business. 7.
Village Market Management. 8.
Strive in the field of small industry
and folk crafts 9.
Strive in other fields of economic
activities needed by villagers and able to increase added value for the
community |
1. Packaging
and presentation of donut products are less attractive 2. Raw
materials are still imported wheat 3.
Financial management administration
ability is still low 4.
Not yet the maximum utilization of
villages for tourism development 5.
Lack of cooperation between business
units |
|
OPPORTUNITIES
O |
THREATS T |
|
1. Declining
number of poor people 2. Job
creation that can reduce the open unemployment rate in Bebandem 3. The
increasing role of villages through the development and growth of BUMDes in
Bebandem Village as the basis for economic growth 4. Improved
infrastructure aimed at increasing the quantity and quality of development
support facilities in Bebandem |
1.
Competition between villages is getting
stronger 2.
Conflicts between BUMDes managers if
financial management is not good |
|
STRATEGY |
|
1. Financial
reporting training according to correct accounting standards 2. Packaging
and presentation training for managers 3. Training
on the use of local ingredients as doughnut ingredients such as cassava and
purple sweet potatoes 4. Training
for managers to develop cooperation with other business units. |
Source:
Data Processing
Bumdes Sibetan “Kuncara Giri”
Sibetan
Village based on its history is inseparable from the establishment of the
Sibetan Kingdom by I Gusti Mantu, the son of I Gusti Abian Nengan in 1608 A.D.
Sibetan Village was originally named Kuncara Giri Village. Sibetan Village has
been designated by the Karangasem Regency Government as an Agrotourism area,
especially the Salak Agrotourism area in 2003. In its development, this village
became a tourist village. Climate conditions and cool air make Sibetan Village
suitable for developing the growth of Salak trees. In addition to offering Bali
salak agrotourism, Sibetan Tourism village also has a beautiful hill for
camping, yoga and many other outbound activities. From the hills visitors can
see the beautiful sea south of Karangasem, Teluk Amuk Port and the verdant
hills around it.
The
original name of Sibetan village, Kuncara Giri, was then used to name Sibetan
BUMDes, namely "Kuncara Giri" BUMDes. In its activities, Sibetan
BUMDes "Kuncara Giri" has business units in the form of:
1. Save and
borrow
2. Shop
3. PAM Water
for 5 Banjars
4. Sand haul
truck.
5. Building
rental for business
The results of
these efforts were then carried out the distribution of Bumdes' profits as
follows:
1. Manager
2. Indigenous
villages (1% profit)
3. Official
village (15% as PAD)
4. Social
funds (5%)
Sibetan BUMDes "Kuncara Giri"
already has a building for business and has a clear business organizational
structure. In addition, Sibetan BUMDes employees have high morale, there are
even women repairers in Salak frying machines. However, there are also
shortcomings including the administrative ability of financial management is
still low, there has been no development of salak products in other forms other
than fried salak, and Bumdes does not have cooperation with other business
units, and has not been able to guarantee the price of community products. The
results of field observations at Bumdes BUMDes Sibetan "Kuncara Giri"
are presented in Table 6.
Tabel 6. Analisis
SWOT Bumdes Sibetan “Kuncara Giri”
|
STRENGHTS
S |
WEAKNESSES
W |
|
1. Interesting
cultural historical potential 2. Has
a Salak Agrotourism-based Tourism Village 3. Has
business units in the form of savings and loans, shops, PAM water for 5
Banjars, sand transport trucks, building rentals for business |
1. Financial
management administration ability is still low 2. There
has been no development of salak products in other forms (other than fried
salak) 3. Bumdes
does not yet have cooperation with other business units 4.
Bumdes has not been able to guarantee
the price of community products |
|
OPPORTUNITIES
O |
THREATS T |
|
1. Declining
number of poor people 2. The
creation of jobs that can reduce the open unemployment rate in Sibetan 3. The
increasing role of villages through the development and growth of Sibetan
Village BUMDes as the basis for economic growth 4. Improved
infrastructure aimed at increasing the quantity and quality of development
support facilities in Sibetan |
1.
Competition between villages is getting
stronger 2.
Conflicts between BUMDes managers if financial
management is not good |
|
STRATEGY |
|
1. Financial
reporting training according to correct accounting standards 2. Product
development training from salak 3. Training
on cooperation development with other business units. 4. Tourism
Village management training 5. Tourism
Management Training for BUMDes HR |
Source:
Data Processing
Bumdes Menanga
Menanga
Village is included in Rendang sub-district, Karangasem Regency which consists
of 8 hamlets with an area of 1426.75 Ha. Based on its history, Menanga Village
was originally named Galiran, and was under the Kingdom of Nyalian.
After being captured by the Kingdom of
Karangasem in the
18th century, Galiran was renamed Menanga, and was
under the rule of I Gusti Ngurah Sidemen. From then on, Menanga village entered
the Sidemen area so that there was a movement of people from Padang Tunggal
(Sidemen) to Menanga Village who lived in Banjar Menanga Kawan until now.
Menanga is a village with the majority of the population engaged in farming,
but many children work on cruise ships (as a source of capital).
Kemenangan
State is a sandy mountainous area. The wind blowing is a cool Mountain breeze,
and it meets the ocean currents. This allows plants that can live in this area
are coastal plants and mountain plants. For example, coconut and orange plants,
sumaga, cloves, salak, panili can live lush and bear fruit, in addition to good
processing. But unfortunately Uma rice is small, because the springs in rural
areas cannot irrigate the rural land of Menanga, including clove plantations.
The fauna in Menanga village are domestic animals that support the development
of production is growing rapidly.
In Menanga
village, the first Menanga Festival was held on August 4-6, 2017 with the theme
"Creative and Innovative Community Work of Menanga Village Based on Tri
Hita Karana "Karma Krida". The festival displays various cultural
arts in Menanga Traditional Village such as, cultural parade, utsawa dharma
gita competition, nyastra, penjor competition, dress competition to the temple,
traditional culinary exhibition, MSME exhibition and as a closing entertainment
night. The targets of the festival are the younger generation, artists, MSME
actors and local village elementary school students. The source of funding came
from the 2017 Menanga Village APBDes fund, as well as several donors
In Menanga
Village, there is Bumdes Menanga which has business units in the form of:
1. Save and
borrow.
2. Trade, in
the form of selling food which is a product of society.
3. PAM
Village
4. Credit
payment services through BRI.
Bumdes
Menanga has received an online savings and loan application program from BPKP,
but it is still difficult. The weakness of this application is mainly related
to input as much as 2 times (eg installments and interest which should be
automatic 1 time input). Also, the staff does not understand well about the
input of credit data incorrectly as debit and vice versa. The results of field
observations in Bumdes Menanga are presented in Table 7.
Table 7. SWOT Analysis of BUMDes Menanga
|
STRENGHTS
S |
WEAKNESSES
W |
|
1. Interesting
cultural historical potential 2. It
has beautiful mountain natural scenery with cool air 3. Has
business units in the form of savings and loans, shops, PAM water for 5
Banjars, sand transport trucks, building rentals for business 4. Bumdes
Menanga has received an online savings and loan application program from BPKP 5. Abundant
water availability in the form of fast-flowing rivers 6. Organizing
the Menanga Festival |
1. The
administrative ability of financial management is still low, so the
difficulty in managing the online savings and loan application program 2. Many
young people work outside the village, especially on cruise ships 3. Bumdes
does not yet have cooperation with other business units 4. The
position of the water source in Menanga is below, so the reach of PAM water
is still limited 5. Low
management in compiling savings and loans financial administration 6. Funds
for poor areas are unable to reduce poverty because funds are not on target 7.
Don't have typical Menanga souvenirs yet |
|
OPPORTUNITIES
O |
THREATS T |
|
1. Declining
number of poor people 2. The
creation of jobs that can reduce the open unemployment rate in Sibetan 3. The
increasing role of villages through the development and growth of BUMDes in
Menanga Village as the basis for economic growth 4. Improved
infrastructure aimed at increasing the quantity and quality of development
support facilities in Sibetan |
1.
Competition between villages is getting
stronger 2.
Conflicts between BUMDes managers if
financial management is not good |
|
STRATEGY |
|
1. Development
of bottled water production protected by mandatory use regulations 2. Development
of rafting 3. Water
raising technology for wider PAM coverage 4. Correct
financial reporting training based on accounting systems 5. Development
of village markets 6. Development
of village tourism such as rafting through cooperation with local investors. 7. Make
a special product (so anyone who goes to Menanga must buy Menanga's signature
bread). 8. Coordination
of aid for the poor |
Source:
Data Processing
CONCLUSION
The
potential of BUMDes human resources in the development of karangasem tourism in
Bali by paying attention to suitability to real conditions in the field so that
it can become a policy recommendation carried out in 5 places where there are
BUMDes, namely: Bubug Beach, Bukit Asah Camping Ground, Bumdes Bebandem, Bumdes
Sibetan "Kuncara Giri" and Bumdes Menanga. SWOT analysis obtained
through internal environment analysis and external environment analysis in
determining strategies, policies and programs to increase the capacity of BUMDes
human resources in the development of karangasem tourism in Bali found that
each BUMDes has different potential so that each BUMDes has different
strategies in the direction of development. The strategy prepared is in the
form of programs / activities that can support the improvement of human
resources of Karangasem BUMDes in Bali. This study dumps the BUMDes HR database
as a basis for setting policies to increase the human resource capacity of
Karangasem BUMDes in tourism development in Bali.
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Copyright holders:
Minta Harsana, Afia Fauziah (2023)
First publication right:
Devotion - Journal of Research and Community
Service
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