23 http://devotion.greenvest.co.id
Volume 3 Number 1 July, 2021
p- ISSN 2777-0915 | e-ISSN 2797-6068
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SAVING MATRIX METHOD TO
DETERMINE VEHICLE ROUTES
Rifan Rizwan, Willy Rizkilah Ramdani, Muhammad Faisal Khobir and
Muchammad Fauzi
Widyatama University
Email: rifan.rizwan@widyatama.ac.id, willy.rizkilah@widyatama.ac.id,
faisal.khobir@widyatama.ac.id, muchammad.fauzi@widyatama.ac.id
Keywords
Distribution,
Transportation,
Saving Matriks
Article Info
Accepted:
June, 21
st
2021
Revised:
July, 1
st
2021
Approved:
July, 9
th
2021
Abstract The availability of the number of vehicles in
Karawang Regency is not matched by the availability of
fuel at gas stations. Due to the very high demand for
fuel, the Cikampek BBM Terminal has several problems,
including the absence of a standard distribution route in
distributing its products to gas stations so that it takes a
long time and the high amount of transportation costs
that must be borne by the company. In this study, the
route and distribution schedule will be determined as
well as determining the capacity and number of tanker
trucks that are able to minimize mileage, travel time and
transportation costs. Based on calculations using the
Saving Matrix method, it produces efficiency in the
number of vehicles needed from 7 trucks to 4 tanker
trucks, vehicle usage from 9 times to 6 times, distance
traveled from 63 KM to 53 KM and the difference in
transportation costs per day is Rp. 1,312,633.
Introduction
Distribution management is one of the factors that must be considered by
companies for product distribution to consumers (Suryanto & SE, 2016). So it
plays an important role in the company. Because in meeting customer demand,
it is not enough to just fulfill the total demand, but also service problems, the
timeliness of product delivery is the main concern of consumers (Adriantantri,
Irawan, & Indriani, 2015). Distribution costs can be reduced by calculating all
factors correctly so that time, distance and energy are used efficiently and
effectively.
Rifan Rizwan, Willy Rizkilah Ramdani, Muhammad Faisal Khobir and
Muchammad Fauzi
Implementation of the saving matrix method to determine vehicle routes 24
Adequate transportation is closely related to distribution (Salsabila, 2021). For
this reason, it is necessary to clearly know the distribution channel, total
customer demand and the capacity of the transportation means used, so that
distribution can be carried out efficiently and effectively (Momon & Ardiatma,
2018).
PT PERTAMINA (Persero) Cikampek BBM Terminal in distributing its products to
gas stations in Cikampek has several problems, one of which is the high total
transportation costs that must be borne by the company. Coupled with the
absence of a clear standard distribution route so that gas stations have to wait
for a long supply of fuel from tanker trucks that are distributing to other gas
stations because the truck must first return to the depot for refilling and the
distribution schedule is inconsistent every day (Supardi & Sianturi, 2020).
To anticipate this problem, a method is needed that can provide minimal product
distribution costs (MOCHAMAD ARIF WIBOWO, 2019). The Saving Matrix
method is a method used to determine product distribution routes to marketing
areas by determining the distribution routes that must be passed and total
vehicles based on vehicle capacity in order to obtain the shortest route and
minimal transportation costs (Tyas, Dzulqarnain, & Aini, 2020).
Distribution Management is a matter that covers all aspects of the process of
delivering products to consumers, because this activity is very important in the
marketing system, effective and efficient distribution can accelerate goods to be
marketed (Suryanto & SE, 2016). According to Suhardi Sigit, the distribution
channel is a path traversed by the flow of goods from producers to
intermediaries to consumers (Laksono, 2017). Manufacturers must consider
various factors that are very influential in the selection of distribution channels.
The selection of an effective distribution channel will be able to encourage the
expected increase in sales, so that the survival of the company can be guaranteed
(Mardhiyah & Safrin, 2020).
Transportation is defined as the business and activity of transporting or carrying
goods and or passengers from one place to another (Yasmin & Wirawan, 2018).
In addition, the carriage or transfer of passengers or goods by transportation is
to reach the destination and increase the utility or usability of the goods being
transported. Each form of transportation has four main elements of
transportation, namely roads, vehicles and means of transportation, propulsion,
and terminals (Munawar, n.d.). In the modern transportation system,
transportation is an integral part of the functions and activities of society. There
is a very close relationship with lifestyle, range, location of production activities,
fulfillment of goods, and services available for consumption (Suparjo, 2017).
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This research at PT Pertamina Terminal BBM Cikampek will arrange distribution
routes and schedules and determine the capacity and total tank truck vehicles
that are able to minimize mileage, travel time, and transportation costs. Some of
the benefits from the results of this study are expected to provide useful input
and information for the company, including knowing an effective and efficient
premium distribution schedule so that it can speed up delivery, minimize
transportation costs, and increase company profits, then be able to determine
the capacity and total truck vehicles. the right tank according to the total demand
for premium so that the problem of high demand can be resolved, and can find
out the distribution route that can be a distribution standard for every day so
that it can facilitate the delivery of fuel to gas stations.
Research Method
The Savings Matrix method is also one of the techniques used to schedule a
limited total of vehicles from facilities that have a maximum capacity (Erlina,
2009). The Saving Matrix method consists of several steps. According to
(Istantiningrum, 2010) the steps in the saving matrix method are as follows:
1. Determining the Distance Matrix
In determining the distance matrix, data on the distance between the
company and the location of the destination is very necessary. After
knowing the coordinates of each location.
2. Determine the Saving Matrix
After knowing the overall distance, namely the distance between the
company and other destination locations, that in this step it is assumed
that each location will be passed by one truck specifically.
3. Allocation of Vehicles and Routes by Location
After the results of the saving matrix are known, the next step is the
allocation between locations to routes or vehicles.
The research was conducted by PT. Pertamina Cikampek BBM Terminal which
carries out the distribution of BBM (Fuel Oil). The data collection method used is
Interview, then conduct a review or direct observation to the field by taking data
on the related company. Total delivery data, total vehicles and total customers
are taken from the data for the last 3 months. Conducting interviews with related
parties to find out the existing problems in order to map the system as a whole
in the distribution process with actual time and data. And the final stage is the
conclusion of the overall research that has been done and suggestions for the
development of research in the future.
Result and Discussion
PT. PERTAMINA (Persero) Cikampek BBM Terminal has a distribution area in Kab.
Karawang. Pertalite is a product that is needed in the community, so the demand
Rifan Rizwan, Willy Rizkilah Ramdani, Muhammad Faisal Khobir and
Muchammad Fauzi
Implementation of the saving matrix method to determine vehicle routes 26
for pertalite is high. The average daily demand for pertalite and a list of gas
stations in the Kab. Karawang and the distance data from the depot to each gas
station taken from google maps can be seen in Table 1. Distribution of fuel to gas
stations PT. Pertamina Cikampek BBM Terminal uses tanker trucks. Tank trucks
available at the company are trucks with a capacity of 3 units of 16 kiloliters and
4 units of 24 kiloliters. A truck with a capacity of 24 kiloliters has a higher fuel
cost than a truck with a capacity of 16 kiloliters.
One tanker truck requires 1 driver and 1 assistant. In this study, transportation
costs consist of variable costs and fixed costs, salaries for drivers and assistants,
including fixed costs. Fixed costs will decrease if the number of drivers and
assistants is reduced by reducing the number of tanker trucks. Salaries of drivers
and assistants within 25 days are presented in table 1.
Table 1. Number of requests and distance from TBBM to gas stations
SPBU Code
Request (Kiloliter)
Distance from TBBM to
SPBU (KM)
34.41305
20
1.7
34.41304
29
7.3
34.41307
31
1.3
34.41332
30
3
34.41315
32
3.2
Total
142
Table 2. Truck Cost Data per Kilometer
No
Truck
Capacity
Usage
BBM
Price
Distance
Cost per KM
1
16
1
9,500
3
3,166.667
2
24
1
9,500
2
4,750
Table 3. Driver and Kernet Salary Data
No
Position
Salary
Number of
Days
Salary per
day
1
Supir
4,200,000
25
168,000
2
Kernet
4,000,000
25
160,000
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Table 4. Data for the Distribution of Delivery Stages
SPBU Code
Request
(Kiloliter)
Phase 1
Phase 2
34.41305
20
20
0
34.41304
29
24
5
34.41307
31
24
7
34.41332
30
24
6
34.41315
32
24
8
The system used in the distribution is direct shipment, for round trips, the distance
from the depot to the gas station is multiplied by 2.
Table 5. Transportation Costs Phase 1
Route
Phase 1
(Kiloliter)
Cap. Tank
Truck
(Kilometer)
Cost/KM
(Rp)
Distance
From
Depot
(KM)
Variable
Cost
0-1-0
20
24
4,750
3.4
16,150
0-2-0
24
24
4,750
14.6
69,350
0-3-0
24
24
4,750
2.6
12,350
0-4-0
24
24
4,750
6.0
28,500
0-5-0
24
24
4,750
6.4
30,400
Total
116
33
156,750
Table 6. Transportation Costs Phase 2
Code
Phase 2
(Kiloliter)
Cap. Tank
Truck
(Kilometer)
Cost/KM
(Rp)
Distance
From
Depot
(KM)
Variable
Cost
0-2-0
5
16
3,166.7
14.6
46,233
0-3-0
7
16
3,166.7
2.6
8,233
0-4-0
6
16
3,166.7
6
19,000
0-5-0
8
16
3,166.7
6.4
20,267
Total
26
29.6
93,733
Table 7. Number of trucks used
Vehicle
Total
Initial
Usage
Number of
Queue
Premium
16 KL
3
4
1
Premium
24 KL
4
5
1
Rifan Rizwan, Willy Rizkilah Ramdani, Muhammad Faisal Khobir and
Muchammad Fauzi
Implementation of the saving matrix method to determine vehicle routes 28
Total
7
9
3
From the calculation results, the total variable costs are obtained, namely the first
stage transportation costs plus the second stage transportation costs. Total fixed
costs are obtained from the total number of vehicles used.
Total Variable Cost = Rp. 250,483
Total Fixed Cost = ((7 sopir x 168.000) + (7 kernet x 160.000))
= Rp. 2,296,000
Total Transportation = Total Variable Cost + Total Fixed Cost
= Rp. 250,483 + Rp. 2,296,000
= Rp. 2, 546,483,-
Table 8. Distribution of Delivery Matrix Saving Method
SPBU Code
Phase 1
Phase 2
34.41305
8
12
34.41304
24
5
34.41307
24
7
34.41332
8
22
34.41315
8
24
Total
72
70
Table 1. Distance SPBU Data
0
1
2
3
4
5
Depot
0
-
1.7
7.3
1.3
3
3.2
34.41305
1
-
6.9
1.5
0.5
1.9
34.41304
2
-
5.7
7.5
7.6
34.41307
3
-
3.1
3.2
34.41332
4
-
0.8
34.41315
5
-
Table 2. Savings Matrix
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
-
1
-
2.1
1.5
4.2
3
2
-
2.9
2.8
2.9
3
-
1.2
1.3
4
-
5.4
5
-
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Table 3. Distance Saving Route
Route
Distance
4,5
5.4
1,4
4.2
1,5
3
2,3
2.9
2,5
2.9
2,4
2.8
1,2
2.1
1,3
1.5
Table 12. Transportation Costs Phase 1 Saving Matrix Method
Route
Phase 1
(Kiloliter)
Cap. Tank
Truck
(Kilometer)
Cost/KM
(Rp)
Distance
From
Depot
(KM)
Variable
Cost
0-4-5-1-0
24
24
4,750
7.40
35,150
0-2-0
24
24
4,750
14.60
69,350
0-3-0
24
24
4,750
2.60
12,350
Total
72
24.60
116,850
Table 13. Transportation Costs Phase 2 Saving Matrix Method
Route
Phase 2
(Kiloliter)
Cap. Tank
Truck
(Kilometer)
Cost/KM
(Rp)
Distance
From
Depot
(KM)
Variable
Cost
0-4-0
22
24
4,750
6
28,500
0-5-0
24
24
4,750
6.4
30,400
0-1-2-3-0
24
24
4,750
15.6
74,100
Total
70
28
133,000
Table 14. Number of Trucks used by the Saving Matrix Method
Vehicle
Number of
Initial
Usage
Phase 1
Phase 2
Premium
24 KL
3
6
3
3
Total
3
6
3
3
Total Variable Cost = Rp. 249,850
Total Fixed Cost = ((3 sopir x 168.000) + (3 kernet x 160.000))
= Rp. 984,000
Total Transpotation = Total Variable Cost + Total Fixed Cost
= Rp. 250,483 + Rp. 984,000
Rifan Rizwan, Willy Rizkilah Ramdani, Muhammad Faisal Khobir and
Muchammad Fauzi
Implementation of the saving matrix method to determine vehicle routes 30
= Rp. 1,233,850
From the calculations that have been carried out, the following results are
obtained:
Table 4. Comparison of Calculation Results
No
Comparison Factor
Initial Value
Saving Matriks
Method
1
Mileage
63
53
2
Number of Vehicles
7
3
3
Vehicle Usage
9
6
4
Transportation Fee
2,546,483
1,233,850
Conclussion
Based on result and discussion can be concluded that the saving matrix method
produces efficiency in total vehicle needs from 7 trucks to 4 tanker trucks, vehicle
usage from 9 times to 6 times, distance traveled from 63 KM to 53 KM and the
difference in transportation costs per day is Rp. 1,312,633.
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***
Copyright holder :
Rifan Rizwan, Willy Rizkilah Ramdani, Muhammad Faisal Khobir and
Muchammad Fauzi (2021)
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Devotion - Journal of Community Service
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