Vito Hafizh Cahaya Putra, Mokhamad Hendayun , Purnomo Yustianto |
http://devotion.greenvest.co.id
42
!
!
EARLY WARNING SYSTEM AND MONITORING OF
RIVER WATER QUALITY BASED ON INTERNET OF
THINGS
Vito Hafizh Cahaya Putra
1
, Mokhamad Hendayun
2
, Purnomo Yustianto
3
Langlangbuana University
1,2 3
1
[email protected],
2
mokh.hendayu[email protected],
3
[email protected]
KEYWORDS
Early Warning System,
Internet of Things, Water
Quality, Monitoring
Charts
ARTICLE INFO
Accepted:
July, 3
rd
2021
Revised:
July, 9
th
2021
Approved:
July, 13
th
2021
ABSTRACT
River conditions in Bandung City are currently in critical condition. This study
aims to create an early warning system and monitoring of river water quality
based on the Internet of Things in the hope that early warnings sent through the
telegram application belonging to the Bandung City DLHK officer and the Twitter
social media website, can inform the Bandung City DLHK officer that a river is in
a polluted condition and the officer can immediately go to the location of river
water to carry out mitigation, and give warnings to the community. The research
method used using the waterfall method which consists of: needs analysis, system
design, implementation, testing, and maintenance with sequential implementation.
Data collection methods were carried out in several ways, namely: interviews,
giving questionnaires, and literature studies used in this study sourced from books,
journals, seminar presentations, and the internet as references in the research
conducted. Based on the research that has been carried out, the following test
results are obtained: black box testing is carried out in accordance with those
contained in the test plan with the results of each test having valid results. The
results obtained from the user acceptance test which are calculated using the
Likert scale have an average value of 86.94% which fall into the category of
strongly agree, and there are three guidelines which are a follow-up to the output
of the early warning system that can be carried out either by the Environmental
Service. and Cleanliness (DLHK) of Bandung City and the community..
INTRODUCTION
Indonesia has many rivers with a variety of sizes, both with large and small river lengths,
especially in the city of Bandung, West Java (MUHAMMAD, 2020). Bandung has a large number of
rivers with a total of 46 rivers that have a variety of long sizes. Referring to ppid data of Bandung city
for the longest size of river in The City of Bandung, namely Kali Cikapundung with a length of 15.50
KM, and the river with the shortest size cikahiayangan with a length of 1.60 KM. The river in
Bandung is used by the community for various activities, such as: washing clothes, bathing, irrigation
sources, fish livestock, children's playgrounds, and tourism. However, the condition of the river in
Bandung is currently in critical condition, there are many rivers that are in bad condition (Rahayu,
Juwana, & Marganingrum, 2018). This is due to the large amount of waste dumped by the community
around the river, and aggravated by companies that dump their industrial waste directly into the river
(Arsyandi, Pratama, & Apriyanti, 2019).
People can feel the quality of river water that decreases such as: discoloration of river water, has
an unpleasant smell, there are bubbles, the amount of garbage floating, until there are family members
of the community who have diseases such as diarrhea, skin diseases, cancer, and other diseases
(Christiady & Mussadun, 2014). That's because it is directly active in river water and utilizes river
water for various purposes (Yogafanny, 2015). DLHK Bandung conducts regular monitoring that is
carried out twice a year on 24 rivers to know directly the quality of river water, especially river water
whose existence is near the industry (Angkotasan & Warlina, 2014). The occurrence of a decrease in
river water quality known by the community, certainly can not be detected quickly, which allows the
time of occurrence of river water pollution has been long, which automatically the longer the
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e-ISSN: 2797-6068 and p-ISSN: 2777-0915
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occurrence of pollution in river water will certainly have a severe impact on river water conditions
(Nugraha & Budi Heri Pirngadie, 2017).
If a river that has a decrease in river water quality caused by public waste and industrial waste
can be detected early, and can be immediately investigated by DLHK Bandung to find the cause of
river water pollution that results in decreased river water quality, then it can minimize the widespread
problem of river water pollution. So another alternative is needed to give a warning quickly if there is
a polluted river (Wahjono & Setiaji, 2018).
In today's modern era, various technologies have been used in various sectors to support the
realization of Smart Environment (Suhendra, 2017) which aims to improve the quality of the
environment such as air, river water quality, to better waste management and support environmentally
friendly energy that utilizes solar cells by absorbing solar energy (Putri, Baiquni, & Cahyono, 2019).
From the problem to know a river water in polluted conditions early on, it is necessary to build
an early warning system based on the internet of things (Mahendra & Sukardi, 2021). Early warning
system has been used for various purposes such as providing early warning from various natural
disasters such as tsunami, mount merapi, to earthquake (Fitriawan, 2017). Early warning system is a
series of communication systems between information and sensors, detecting events, and making
decisions by the system (Nurdianto, 2018).
There is research that has been done on early warning systems to determine the quality of
polluted river water, one of which is research conducted by (Ding, Zhang, Jiang, & Zhang, 2017)
under the title Early Warning and Forecasting System of Water Quality Safety for Drinking Water
Source Areas in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. The research focused on creating an early
warning system and forecasting healthy water quality to drink, by providing early warning through the
website in the form of a red box image on the parameters that the user or user wants to see. Although
in the study has been done early warning delivery by the system if detected there is a poor water
quality, but the delivery of early warning through the website in the form of a red box image can not
be known quickly by the officer (Sianipar, 2020),because the officer must turn on the computer and
access the website to see the image of the warning box.
Based on this, it is necessary to create an internet of things-based early warning system that can
be sent through telegram applications and twitter social websites belonging to DLHK officers in
Bandung. So by sending an early warning through telegram application and social media website
Twitter is expected to inform dlhk officers of Bandung city directly that a river is polluted and the
officer can immediately respond by heading to the location of river water to mitigate by examining
business activities that dispose of wastewater directly into the river, and give warning to the
community that a river is in polluted condition.
METHOD RESEARCH
The type of research method used in this study, using the type of applied research. Data
collection is done in several ways, as follows:
a. The interview used in this study is a structured interview, in which the questions have been
prepared, because the data/information needed has been designed. The interviewees were
Industrial Analysts and Pollution Prevention from the Bandung City Environment and Hygiene
Service which aims to obtain information about river water quality.
b. Giving Questionnaire, Questionnaires were given to get responses from respondents, namely
DLHK Bandung City officers after accessing the system that had been built directly.
c. Sources of data used in this study are from books, journals, exposure to seminars, the internet and
other literature that can be used as a reference in the research conducted.
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Vito Hafizh Cahaya Putra, Mokhamad Hendayun , Purnomo Yustianto |
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The methodology used in developing the research system in this thesis uses the Software
Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Waterfall Model. Waterfall Model is a process that is carried out
step by step which must be passed waiting for the completion of the previous stage and runs
sequentially. The methodology consists of five stages, namely: (1) Needs Analysis Phase, (2) System
Design Phase, (3) Program Code Writing Phase, (4) Program Testing Phase, and (5) Program
Implementation and Maintenance Phase, as in the following picture:
Figure 1 Waterfall Methodology
The system architecture is needed to describe the components that are needed as a whole in
realizing the construction of a system. The following is a picture of the global architecture of the
system to be built:
Figure 2 Architecture of an Internet of Things-Based Early Warning and Monitoring System for
River Water Quality
The image use case diagram on the system built as follows:Figure 3 Use Case Diagram of an Early
Warning and Monitoring System for River Water Quality Based on the Internet of Things
The system workflow aims to describe the way the system runs from start to finish. The
following is a flowchart of the system workflow:
Figure 4 System Workflow.
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RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. Hardware Implementation
1. Connecting the pH Sensor with Arduino Mega
The pH sensor is used to detect pH parameters in river water. Below is a picture of the
connection of the pH sensor device with the Arduino Mega microcontroller:
Figure 5 Installing a pH Sensor Device with Arduino Mega
2. Connecting TDS Sensor with Arduino Mega
TDS sensor (Total Dissolved Solid) is used to detect TDS parameters related to the amount
of dissolved solids in river water. Below is an image of the connected TDS sensor device with
a mega arduino microcontroller:
Figure 6 Installing a TDS Sensor Device with Arduino Mega
3. Connecting the Temperature Sensor with the Arduino Mega
Temperature sensors are used to detect heat or cold levels in a river water. Below is an image
of the pairing of temperature sensor devices with mega arduino microcontrollers:
Figure 7 Installing a Temperature Sensor Device with a Mega Arduino
4. Connecting Turbidity Sensors with Arduino Mega
Turbidity sensors are used to detect turbidity levels in river water. Below is an image of the
pairing of turbidity sensor devices with mega arduino microcontrollers:
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Vol. 3, No. 1, 2021
Vito Hafizh Cahaya Putra, Mokhamad Hendayun , Purnomo Yustianto |
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Figure 8 Installing a Turbidity Sensor Device with Arduino Mega
5. Connecting the DO Sensor with the Arduino Mega
Do sensor (Dissolved of Oxygen) has a function to detect the level of oxygen contained in
river water. Below is an image of the connecting do sensor device with a mega arduino
microcontroller:
Figure 9 Installing a DO Sensor Device with Arduino Mega
6. Connecting Solar Cell with Arduino Mega
The following is an image of the connection of solar cell, battery, solar charger
control, and stepdown with mega arduino microcontroller:
Figure 10 Installing a Solar Cell Device with Arduino Mega
7. Connecting esp8266 Module with Arduino Mega
Wi-Fi module (Wireless Fideality) esp8266 is used to transmit data that has been processed
by microcontrollers on cloud hosting wirelessly over a Wi-Fi network. Below is the
connecting Wi-Fi module esp8266 with a mega arduino microcontroller, as shown below:
Figure 11 Installing an ESP8266 Module Device with arduino Mega
8. Connecting led screen with Arduino Mega
LED light (Light Emitting Diode) is used as an indicator. Below is an image of the connected
LED light device with a mega arduino microcontroller:
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Figure 12 Installing led light device with Arduino Mega
B. Software Implementation
After configuring cloud hosting, river water monitoring website has been accessible online, with
the website link http://dlhkbdgmonitoringairsungai.xyz/. River water monitoring website consists of 5
pages, namely: LoginPage, HomePage, About Page, River Water Monitoring Page, and Early
Warning Log Page, as follows:
1. Login Page
Figure 13 Login Page of DLHK River Water Monitoring Website
2. Home Page
Figure 14 Home Page Website DLHK Early Warning System and River Water Monitoring
3. About Page
Figure 15 Page About DLHK Website Early Warning System and River Water Monitoring
4. River Water Monitoring Page
Figure 16 Graphic Page Monitoring Website DLHK Early Warning System and River Water
Monitoring
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5. Early Warning Logs
Figure 17 Page Early Warning Log Website Early Warning System and River Water Monitoring
6. Early Warning Logs
Figure 18 Sending Early Warning via Telegram
7. Early Warning On Twitter Website
Figure 19 Sending Early Warning via Twitter
C. Testing
1. Black Box Testing
Black box testing is a test used to see if the inputs and outputs on the system are appropriate or
not.
2. System-Wide Testing
The whole system test is a test conducted directly on the hardware and software used on this
system as found in the review plan, as follows: pH sensors detrksi pH water, TDS sensors to
detect total marine substances in water, temperature sensors to detect water temperature, turbidity
sensors to detect water turbidity, DO sensors to detect water oxygen levels, led lights and lcd
screens, send early warning through telegram applications and social media websites twitter,
monitoringcharts, early warning logs, download early warning monitoring data and early warning
logs, store data on cloud hosting,and manage users.
3. Bandwidth Consumption Testing
From the calculation of bandwidth consumption, data quota usage for 3 days of testing is 220 MB,
and for daily data quota of 73.44 MB. So for data quota that for 1 month or per 30 days for
sending sensor detection data to niagahoster cloud hosting server is required by 2.2 GB.
4. Energy Consumption Testing
Energy consumption testing is performed to determine if the solar cell can provide power to all
hardware used such as mega microcontrollers, sensors, ESP8266 modules, LCD screens, and LED
lights for the whole day.
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Figure 20 Energy Consumption Testing
5. Live Testing On River
In this section will be conducted testing the device directly on the water of the Cikapundung river
to detect pH, TDS (Total Dissolved Solid), temperature, turbidity, and DO (Dissolved of
Oxygen). The location of the river that is done for testing is the river located in Teras
Cikapundung Bandung. The following is a picture of the entire device that has been prepared on
the side of the river:
Figure 21 Overall River Water Testing Devices All sensors perform detection, as shown below:
Figure 22 Overall pH, TDS, Temperature, Turbidity, and DO Sensors Detecting River Water
The detection results of all sensors can be seen on the monitoring page website in the form of
graphs, as shown below:
Figure 23 Sensor Overall Detection Monitoring Graph
6. Black Box Testing Results
The results of black box testing that has been conducted based on the test plan, have a validoverall
result.
7. User Acceptance Test
User acceptance test was conducted at the Office of Environment and Hygiene (DLHK) Bandung.
Below is an image of the installation of all hardware for testing in DLHK Bandung:
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Vol. 3, No. 1, 2021
Vito Hafizh Cahaya Putra, Mokhamad Hendayun , Purnomo Yustianto |
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Figure 24 Entire Device for User Acceptance Test
After setting up the hardware and software, the system is turned on. Furthermore, each sensor,
namely pH, TDS, temperature, turbidity, and DO perform detection on several containers that
have been filled with water with different solutions. Data that has been stored on cloud hosting,
can be seen on the water quality monitoring website with the link http:
//dlhkbdgmonitoringairsungai.xyz/. Below is a picture of DLHK officers who access the website
monitoring river water quality through the website and smartphone:
Figure 25 DLHK Officers Bandung access DLHK website monitoring river water
After the DLHK officer accesses the system, the next step is to fill out the questionnaire. The
questionnaire distribution aims to get a response from the user or DLHK officer regarding the
early warning system and monitoring of the quality of river water based on the internet of things
that has been accessed by the DLHK officer. Questionnaires contained in the google docs link that
has been answered by all respoden contained in DLHK Bandung, it will be continued to be
calculated using the likert scale. Below is the result of the calculation of the likert scale in the
respondent's answer to all questionnaire questions contained as follows:
Figure 26 Results of Likert Scale Calculation on All Respondents' Answers
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Based on the table above which is the respondent's response, that the average value obtained is
86.94%. The figure is at intervals of 80 % - 100% and belongs to the category of strongly agreed,
so it can be concluded that the existence of an early warning system and monitoring of river water
based on the internet of things in the context of the Department of Environment and Hygiene
(DLHK) Bandung is classified as very agreeable.
D. System Maintenance
The following are maintenance that can be performed on hardware and software:
1. Make regular payments for availability of access to niagahoster cloud hosting. The fee to be paid
for niagahoster cloudhosing package named baby with nominal cost rp. 369.000,- / year.
2. Fix bugs immediately if there are problems in the system, both from the front end and back end.
3. Fill the internet quota for the modem used for a period of 30 days or 1 month of 3 GB, so that the
data that has been processed by the arduino uno microcontroller can be sent on the niagahoster
cloud hosting server through the esp8266 module.
4. Check the condition of all input, process and output devices, namely microcontrollers, esp8266
modules, LCD screens, LED lights, all sensors i.e. pH sensors, TDS (Total Dissolved
Solid),temperature, turbidity,and DO (Dissolved of Oxygen), solar cell, solar charger control,step
down, and battery, as well as jumper and PV cables regularly every 2 weeks. This is to ensure the
device can do its job properly. If any device is damaged, it must be replaced immediately.
E. Guidance
In this section there are three guidance or guidance which is a follow-up of the output that can be
done both by the Department of Environment and Hygiene (DLHK) Bandung city and the
community, with each guidance as follows:
Figure 27 Guidance Early Warning System and Internet of Things-Based River Water
Monitoring
From each guidance is explained about the output related to guidance, description, and steps.
CONCLUSION
Based on the research that has been done, the results of the system design and prototype are
obtained. The design form is described by the system architecture built, UML (Unified Modeling
Language), and system workflow. The prototype form has been built which consists of hardware and
software implementation based on the system design form. Hardware implementation in the form of
installation of each component such as sensors (pH (Power of Hydrogen), TDS (Total Dissolved
Solid), temperature, turbidity, and DO (Dissolved of Oxygen), ESP8266 module, lcd screen, LED
(Light Emitting) lamp Diode), and a solar cell with an arduino mega 2560 microcontroller. The
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software implementation is in the form of coding to create an early warning and river water
monitoring website, as well as configuring the niagahoster cloud hosting, telegram application, and
the twitter website.
After the system prototype is built based on the design form, it is necessary to test using
blackbox testing in accordance with the test design that has been made in advance with the overall test
results that are valid including sending early warnings on the telegram application and the Twitter
social media website. After doing black box testing, user acceptance test can be done to find out the
response from the user, namely DLHK Bandung City after using the system directly, and all responses
that have been collected are calculated using the Likert Scale 5 method which has an average value of
86.94%.
This figure is in the 80% - 100% interval and is included in the category of strongly agree, so it
can be concluded that the existence of an internet of things-based early warning and monitoring
system for river water in the Bandung City Environment and Hygiene Service (DLHK) is classified as
strongly agree. . And there is a guidance consisting of three guidelines which are a follow-up to the
outputs or early warnings that can be carried out by both the Bandung City Environment and Hygiene
Service (DLHK) and the community.
For future development, it is possible to use an all-in-one sensor or all sensors are combined into
one unit, so that they have good resistance and are easier to use. The recommended sensor is the YSI-
600R multiparameter sonde water quality sensor with the advantage of detecting many parameters at
one time and increasing the number of river water locations to implement an early warning and
monitoring system. The recommended location is in river water which is located near the factory area.
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Copyright holders:
Vito Hafizh Cahaya Putra, Mokhamad Hendayun , Purnomo Yustianto (2021)
First publication right:
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