Utilization of Chitosan as an Excipient in Pharmaceutical Formulations: Systematic Literature Review

2025-08-07T06:51:36+00:00

Chitosan as a biodegradable polymer extracted from crustacean waste demonstrates significant potential as an innovative excipient in pharmaceutical formulations. This systematic literature review aims to analyze recent developments in chitosan utilization as pharmaceutical excipient based on scientific evidence from 2021-2025. Research methodology employed PRISMA 2020 approach with comprehensive search through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. From 309 identified articles, 10 articles met inclusion criteria for in-depth analysis. Results indicate that chitosan possesses multifunctional advantages as excipient with superior mucoadhesive, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties. Chitosan applications in nanoformulations, tablets, mucoadhesive systems, and inhalation powders demonstrate high flexibility across various dosage forms. Co-processed excipient technology combining chitosan with other excipients produces optimal pharmacotechnical characteristics. Integration of chitosan in 3D printing technology and nanocarriers provides innovative solutions for controlled release and targeted drug delivery. Despite showing promising prospects, chitosan implementation as excipient still requires regulatory standardization and comprehensive method validation for large-scale industrial applications in pharmaceutical green chemistry

Aligning Technical and Vocational Curricula with Labor Market Needs to Foster Economic Growth in Afghanistan: An Empirical Study

2025-08-10T07:38:29+00:00

This study investigates how the design and implementation of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) curricula can be optimized to meet evolving labor market demands and thereby stimulate sustainable economic growth in Afghanistan. Employing a convergent mixed-methods approach, quantitative data were collected via a structured questionnaire administered to 312 TVET graduates and 48 industry employers across Kabul, Herat, and Kandahar. Reliability and validity of the instrument were confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.87) and expert panel review. Qualitative insights were obtained from 20 semi-structured interviews with curriculum developers, trainers, and policymakers, and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Quantitative results demonstrate a statistically significant gap between current curriculum competencies and employer-identified skill requirements (t(359) = 5.42, p < 0.001), particularly in digital literacy (mean difference = 1.26 on a 5-point scale) and soft skills (mean difference = 0.98). Qualitative findings reveal three primary themes: (1) outdated course content, (2) limited industry-academic collaboration, and (3) resource constraints. Based on these findings, we propose a framework for iterative curriculum updates, strengthened partnerships with private-sector stakeholders, and targeted professional development for TVET instructors. Implementing these recommendations is expected to enhance graduate employability by up to 30% and contribute an estimated USD 0.5 billion annually to Afghanistan’s GDP. This study provides evidence-based guidance for policymakers, educators, and international development agencies aiming to align TVET curricula with market realities in post-conflict economies

Devotion : Journal of Research and Community Service

Utilization of Chitosan as an Excipient in Pharmaceutical Formulations: Systematic Literature Review

Aligning Technical and Vocational Curricula with Labor Market Needs to Foster Economic Growth in Afghanistan: An Empirical Study